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Growth & Division (Nationalism & Sectionalism)

Terms in this set (30)

War of 1812
A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier.
War Hawks
Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Ended the War of 1812. Did not address grievances that led to the war
Battle of New Orleans
Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S.
Star Spangled Banner
national anthem written by Francis Scott Key during the war of 1812
Hartford Convention
Meeting of Federalists during the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Democratic-Republican Party. These actions were largely viewed as traitorous and led the Federalists to lose a lot of influence & eventually ended their political party
Result of the War of 1812
Increase in American nationalism (pride), increased American manufacturing & self-sufficiency
Era of Good Feelings
A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.
Henry Clay
A KY politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises.
American System
Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.
Marshall Court
Supreme court under one Federalist Chief Justice; established the power of the federal government over the states; supremacy clause
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court upheld the creation of the national bank justified by the elastic clause and confirmed supremacy of the national government by denying states the right to tax federal institutions
Gibbons v. Ogden
case involved a NY monopoly given to a steamboat company; Supreme Court reasserts that regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government
Missouri Compromise
"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in territories; to maintain Senate balance, one state entered as a free state and one entered as a slave state and the 36th parallel determined slave status of the remaining Louisiana Territory
Rush-Bagot Agreement
agreement that limited American and British naval forces on the Great Lakes
Adams-Onis Treaty
Spain ceded Florida to the United States and gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory
Monroe Doctrine
an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers
Transportation Improvements
Lancaster Turnpike, Cumberland Road, Erie Canal, Railroads
Robert Fulton
American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat
Eli Whitney
Invented the cotton gin
Samuel Slater
"Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery; put into operation the first spinning cotton thread in 1791
Lowell System
textile mills in Massachusetts; workers were mostly single young farm women, who worked for a few years living in factory dormitories and then returned home to be housewives
trade union
Association of trade workers formed to gain higher wages and better working conditions
McCormick Reaper & steel plow
(1831) Mechanized the harvest of grains, such as wheat, allowing farmers to cultivate larger plots. The introduction of the reaper in the 1830s fueled the establishment of large-scale commercial agriculture in the Midwest.
Irish Immigrants
Came to the U.S. because of the Irish Potato Famine. Many worked in factories in harsh conditions for little pay
Nativism/Nativists
the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants; often manifests as discrimination
Know-Nothings
Political party of the 1850s that was anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant
King Cotton
Expression used by Southern authors and orators before Civil War to indicate economic dominance of Southern industry and that North needed South's cotton. Coined by James Hammond
Nat Turner
Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831 believing he was receiving signs from God His rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in America; resulted in stricter slave codes and southern state laws that stifled anti-slavery movements
Market Revolution
Drastic changes in transportation (canals, RRs), communication (telegraph), and the production of goods (more in factories as opposed to houses)
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