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IV Fluids (Isotonic/Hypertonic/Hypotonic)

Terms in this set (22)

Isotonic IV solutions:
-Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)


-0.9% sodium chloride (Normal Saline) (NaCl)


-Lactated Ringer's (LR)
Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)

-Uses:
• Fluid loss


• Dehydration


• Hypernatremia
Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)

-Special Considerations:
• Use cautiously in renal and cardiac patients


• Can cause fluid overload
0.9% sodium chloride (Normal Saline) (NaCl)

-Uses:
• Shock

• Hyponatremia

• Blood transfusions

• Resuscitation

• Fluid challenges

• DKA
0.9% sodium chloride
(Normal Saline) (NaCl)

-Special Considerations:
• Can lead to overload

• Use with caution in patients with heart failure or edema
Lactated Ringer's (LR)

-Uses:
• Dehydration

• Burns

• Lower GI fluid loss

• Acute blood loss

• Hypovolemia due to third spacing
Isotonic IV solutions: Lactated Ringer's (LR)

-Special Considerations:
• Contains potassium, don't use with renal failure patients

• Don't use with liver disease (can't metabolize lactate)
Hypotonic IV solutions:
-0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 normal saline)
0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 normal saline)

-Uses:
• Water replacement

• DKA

• Gastric fluid loss from NG or vomiting
0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 normal saline)

-Special considerations:
• Use with caution

• May cause cardiovascular collapse or increased intracranial pressure

• Don't use with liver disease, trauma, or burns
Hypertonic IV solutions:
-Dextrose 5% in ½ normal saline

-Dextrose 5% in normal saline

-Dextrose 10% in water
Dextrose 5% in ½ normal saline

-Uses:
• Later in DKA treatment
Dextrose 5% in ½ normal saline

-Special Considerations:
• Use only when blood sugar falls below 250 mg/dL
Dextrose 5% in normal saline

-Uses:
• Temporary treatment for shock if plasma expanders aren't available


• Addison's crisis
Dextrose 5% in normal saline

-Special Considerations:
• Don't use in cardiac or renal patients
Dextrose 10% in water

-Uses:
• Water replacement


• Conditions where some nutrition with glucose is required
Dextrose 10% in water

-Special Considerations:
• Monitor blood sugar levels
Used for dehydration:
-Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)

-Lactated Ringer's (LR)
• Don't use with liver disease:
-Lactated Ringer's (LR) (can't metabolize lactate)

-0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 normal saline)
• Used for treatment of DKA:
-0.9% sodium chloride (Normal Saline) (NaCl)

-0.45% sodium chloride (1/2 normal saline)

-Dextrose 5% in ½ normal saline
Treatment for shock:
-0.9% sodium chloride (Normal Saline) (NaCl)

-Dextrose 5% in normal saline (temporary)
· 0.45% NS
Hypotonic
A client who has an elevated sodium level and is NPO requires a hypotonic IV solution
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