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BIO242-Ch16&17

Terms in this set (40)

Which of the following is NOT a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus?
Select one:
A. an increase in enzyme synthesis
B. stimulation of mitosis
C. direct control of the nervous system
D. a change in membrane potential
C. direct control of the nervous system
A blood clot that is freely floating in the bloodstream is called a/an ___.
Select one:
A. coagulant
B. platelet
C. embolus
D. thrombus
C. embolus
A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of vitamin B12 and causing an appearance of large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of ________.
Select one:
A. pernicious anemia
B. polycythemia
C. aplastic anemia
D. sickle-cell anemia
A. pernicious anemia
Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?
Select one:
A. His blood lacks Rh factor.
B. He can only receive blood from a donor who is AB positive.
C. There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
D. Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells.
C. There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding ________.
Select one:
A. clotting ability of the blood
B. rate of erythrocyte formation
C. rate of platelet formation
D. WBC ability to defend the body against disease
B. rate of erythrocyte formation
Which of the following WBCs produce histamine and heparin?
Select one:
A. lymphocytes
B. eosinophils
C. neutrophils
D. basophils
D. basophils
Thrombopoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of which of the formed elements in blood?
Select one:
A. platelets
B. leukocytes
C. erythrocytes
D. plasma proteins
A. platelets
The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.
Select one:
A. nothing—all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific
B. the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
C. the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ
D. the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path
B. the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
A person with an extremely high count of neutrophils is likely suffering ________.
Select one:
A. polycythemia
B. a bacterial infection
C. anemia
D. a viral infection
B. a bacterial infection
The process by which WBCs leave the capillaries is called ____.
Select one:
A. leukocytosis
B. fibrinolysis
C. diapedesis
D. leukopenia
D. leukopenia
If you centrifuge (spin) whole blood you will find the band of white blood cells and platelets (the Buffy coat) is much thinner than the packed red blood cells below it. This difference reflects the fact that ________.
Select one:
A. platelets are larger than white blood cells
B. white blood cells are smaller than red blood cells
C. platelets are larger than red blood cells
D. white blood cells are fewer in number than red blood cells
D. white blood cells are fewer in number than red blood cells
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is NOT a true endocrine gland because ________.
Select one:
A. it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release
B. it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
C. embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional
D. it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location
B. it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release
Which of the following formed elements seals broken blood vessels and aids in blood clotting?
Select one:
A. globulins
B. erythrocytes
C. leukocytes
D. platelets
D. platelets
Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are cardinal signs of ____.
Select one:
A. Addison's disease
B. Cushing's disease
C. diabetes mellitus
D. diabetes insipidus
C. diabetes mellitus
Which gland is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland?
Select one:
A. pancreas
B. pineal
C. adrenal
D. pituitary
A. pancreas
Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are low?
Select one:
A. calcitonin
B. parathyroid hormone
C. insulin
D. thyroid hormone
B. parathyroid hormone
Which of these hormones exert antagonistic effects?
Select one:
A. insulin and glucagon
B. thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone
C. glucagon and epinephrine
D. prolactin and oxytocin
A. insulin and glucagon
During a "fight or flight" response, the sympathetic nervous system may stimulate the ______ to release _____.
Select one:
A. adrenal medulla/ cortisol and insulin
B. adrenal cortex/ cortisol and insulin
C. adrenal cortex/ epinephrine and norepinephrine
D. adrenal medulla/ epinephrine and norepinephrine
D. adrenal medulla/ epinephrine and norepinephrine
The major targets of growth hormone are ________.
Select one:
A. the adrenal glands
B. bones and skeletal muscles
C. the liver and gall bladder
D. the blood vessels
B. bones and skeletal muscles
Which two factors below make rapid and substantial blood loss life threatening?
Select one:
A. loss of blood pressure and loss of oxygen carrying capacity
B. loss of clotting ability and loss of osmotic pressure
C. loss of immunity and loss of carbon dioxide carrying capacity
D. loss of immunity and loss of blood pressure
A. loss of blood pressure and loss of oxygen carrying capacity
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?
Select one:
A. coagulation
B. vascular spasm
C. platelet plug formation
D. fibrinolysis
D. fibrinolysis
Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?
Select one:
A. hemocytoblast
B. normoblast
C. polymorphonuclear cell
D. megakaryocyte
A. hemocytoblast
As a result of stress the anterior pituitary releases ________, which stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex that retain sodium and water, increase blood sugar, and begin breaking down fats.
Select one:
A. thyroid stimulating hormone
B. growth hormone
C. ACTH
D. ADH
C. ACTH
Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular ________.
Select one:
A. second messengers
B. deactivating ions
C. nucleotides
D. calcium
A. second messengers
Which of the following stem cells gives rise to lymphocytes only?
Select one:
A. myeloid
B. reticulocyte
C. lymphoid
D. proerythroblast
C. lymphoid
Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
Select one:
A. They are nucleated.
B. They are phagocytic.
C. They have cytoplasmic granules.
D. They are the most numerous of the formed elements in blood.
A. They are nucleated.
What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?
Select one:
A. brain
B. pancreas
C. kidney
D. liver
C. kidney
Which of the following is a break down product of RBCs that does NOT get recycled?
Select one:
A. globin
B. iron
C. amino acids
D. heme
D. heme
Blood gets its color from
Select one:
A. myoglobin
B. urobilinogen
C. hemoglobin
D. bilirubin
C. hemoglobin
Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.
Select one:
A. thyroid gland
B. thymus gland
C. adrenal medulla
D. pancreas
B. thymus gland
Which one of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients?
Select one:
A. hormonal stimulation
B. protein synthesis
C. humoral stimulation
D. neural stimulation
C. humoral stimulation
Which of the following is NOT a formed element found within blood?
Select one:
A. plasma proteins
B. erythrocytes
C. leukocytes
D. platelets
A. plasma proteins
Which of the WBCs are least prevalent in normal blood?
Select one:
A. monocytes
B. eosinophils
C. neutrophils
D. basophils
D. basophils
Which hormone has only one known effect: to stimulate milk production by the breasts?
Select one:
A. progesterone
B. prolactin
C. estrogen
D. oxytocin
B. prolactin
A hormone that cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present is which type of hormonal interaction?
Select one:
A. antagonism
B. permissiveness
C. humoral
D. synergism
B. permissiveness
The body's major metabolic hormone is
Select one:
A. calcitonin
B. parathyroid hormone
C. thyroid hormone
D. thymosin
C. thyroid hormone
Aldosterone ________.
Select one:
A. presence increases potassium concentration in the blood
B. is secreted by the posterior pituitary
C. production is greatly influenced by ACTH
D. functions to increase sodium reabsorption
D. functions to increase sodium reabsorption
Which of the following is not a hormone produced in the gastrointestinal tract?
Select one:
A. gastrin
B. artrial natriuretic peptide
C. ghrelin
D. cholecystokinin
B. artrial natriuretic peptide
Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus?
Select one:
A. hormonal
B. enzymatic
C. neural
D. humoral
B. enzymatic
Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary?
Select one:
A. prolactin
B. oxytocin
C. luteinizing hormone
D. follicle-stimulating hormone
B. oxytocin
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