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PHARMA ANES CEU PREBOARDS

Terms in this set (197)

During visit to the dentist, a patient develops a severe, acute bronchial asthmatic attack. He should immediately receive?
Bronchodilating Agent/Bronchodilator
The most serious and life threatening blood dyscrasia associated with drug toxicity is
Aplastic Anemia
When methohexital is used to induce general anesthesia, the initial effect wears off within a short time and the patient awakens. This occurs because the drug is
Redistributed from the brain
A dental patient on anticonvulsant therapy exhibits marked gingival hypertrophy. This patient, most likely is regularly taking
Dipenylhydantoin
Adrenergic neuron blocking drugs, such as guanethidine, are useful primarily in the treatment of
Essential (primary hypertension)
In which of the ff categories are ephedrine, tyranine and amphetamine classified
Indirect acting sympathomimetics
Cannot be used for pain control
Depression of ANS
Thiazides, which are used in the treatment of hypertension, may require supplmental administration of
Potassium
Lorazepam
Classified as an anti anxiety drug
Opiates are contraindicated in patient's with?
Severe head injury
Therapeutic index of a drug is defines as
LD50/ED50
When combined with a narcotic analgesic, it's most likely to produce a fatal drug interaction
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Aspirin is contraindicated with which of the following drugs
Coumarin/Coumadin
A needle tract infection ff an inferior alveolar nerve block injection would initially involve what space
Pterygomandibular
Pair of anaesthesia is most likely to show cross allergy
Lidocaine-Mepivacaine
Which of the following antibiotics may cause discolouration of the teeth of the newborn if administered to the mother in the third trimester of pregnancy
Tetracycline
Which of the following drugs is most commonly employed in an attack of angina pectoris
Nitroglycerine
Which of the following is a major reason for adding vasoconstrictor local anaesthetic injections
Prolong duration of anesthesia
What determines maximum dose of local anaesthesia for a child?
Weight
The only local anaesthetic that increased the pressor activity of both epinephrine and norepinephrine is
Cocaine
local anesthetics aid in reducing the flow of saliva during operative procedures by
Reducing sensitivity and anxiety during tooth preparation
Trismus, secondary to an inferior alveolar injection, most likely results from
Passing the needle through medial pterygoid muscle
Branch of facial nerve with secretory function to the tongue and is assoc with the lingual nerve
Chorda tympani
When attempting to achieve an intraoral palatal second division block anesthesia, the needle should enter the
Greater palatine foramen
A deep level of general anesthesia is enhanced by
High alveolar concentration of anesthetic agent
In local anesthesia, depression of respiration is a manifestation of
Toxic effect of the solution
Compromises the inner nerve loop
ASAN, MSAN, PSAN
Branch of the maxillary nerve given off at the infra orbital canal
MSAN ASAN
Mandibular nerve is considered as
Mixed nerve
At which pH will the local anesthesia be effectively diffused
Above 7
In larger myelinated nerves, conduction takes place at
Nodes of Ranvier
Which of the ff nerve is not involved in an extraoral infraorbital nerve block
Sphenopalatine
In infraorbital nerve block the needle, approximate
Below head quadrates labii superioris
Above origin of caninus muscle
In PSAN block, the needle approximates:
Posterior to posterior surface of maxilla
Anterior to pterygoid plexus of veins
Anterior yo external pterygoid muscle
Which of the ff is not anesthesized by PSAN block
Mesiobucc root of 16/26
In this technique, the anesthetic solution is deposited at the neck of the condyle
Gow Gates
Area of resistance upon needle insertion in IAN block
Internal oblique ridge
Sudden swelling of the face after MSAN injection
Emphysema
Complications of infraorbital nerve block
Ecchymosis
Area anesthesized by an infraorbital nerve
ASAN one side
Extent of the greater palatine nerve block anesthesia
Soft tissue and bone of the hard palate adjacent to the bicuspid teeth
infiltration anesthesia where anesthetic solution is deposited between the periosteum
Subperiosteal
Mental nerve innervates which of the following except
Lower bicuspids
Too much local anesthesia
Dry socket
Too much puncture injection in mandibular blocking results to
Trismus
Long lasting amide local anesthetics used for temporary relief of Tic Douloureux
Bupivacaine
contents of anesthetic cartridges
Anesthetic drug
Sodium bisulfate
Epinephrine
Distilled water
Node to node jumping of impulse
Saltatory conduction
Factor that determine the level of pain tolerance
Age
Method for controlling pain by taking analgesic drugs
Raising pain threshold
Method of controlling pain by taking local anesthesia
Block painful impulse
In the absence of MSAN, bicuspids can have innervation from what nerve
ASAN
Not a peripheral mediators of pain
Amino acids
Drugs used as premedication to General Anesthesia to reduce secretions
Antipsychotics
Which of the ff will produce neurolept analgesia
Neuroleptic agent + narcotic analgesic
Warfarin/Dicumarol
Anticoagulants
A drug that acts in away opposite to the sympathetic nervous system is called
Sympatholytic
Not an alpha blockers
Propanolol
Doesn't act centrally anti hypertensive
Clonidine
Antidysrrhythmic agents
Sodium channel blockers
Potassium channel blockers
Beta adrenergic blockers
Calcium channel blockers
The pH of a local anesthetic containing epinephrine is about
7.4
Anesthetic technique used when the solution is deposited in the pterygomandibular space
Nerve block
Commercially available local anesthetics are usually
Hypotonic
Allergic rxns ti local anesthesia are caused by
Antigen-antibody reaction
Drug of choice to treat trigemibal neuralgia
Carbamezepine
Verapamil, a calciblockrr which could cause which periodontal problem
Gingival enlargement
How many milligrams of elinephrine in a cartridge (1.8cc) if 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine
0.18mg
A fluoride solution at a concentratuon of 1ppm contain 1.0mg per?
1000ml
The only sensory nerve among the branches of the anterior division of mandibular nerve
Long buccal nerve
The smaller of the two terminals of the posterior division of the mandibular branch
Inferior alveolar nerve
Morphine is eliminated mainly by
Conjugation
Maxillary local anesthesia efficiency is increased because
Bone is porous
A patient's developed a bell's palsy within 10 minutes, ffg an an attempted IAN block on the same side. The probable etiology was that the injection was into
Masseter M
The cause of bubble in the cartridge
Presence of N2
Paresthesia elicited during mandibular blocking are due to
Needle contact with nerve trunk
The local anesthetic which counteracts the tendency of epinephrine to cause cardiac irregularities
Prilocaine
Landmarks of which includes mental foramen, pupil of the eye, supraorbital notch, infraorbital notch, infraorbital foramen, bicuspid teeth
Infraorbital nerve block
You notice a lesion on the labial alveolar mucosa of the lower right lateral incisor tooth of one of your px and decide to take a biopsy to send for oral pathology report. Which nerve would require local anesthesia in order to carry out a pain free biopsy?
The mental nerve
A successful inferior alveolar nerve block will produce anaesthesia of the
Lower lip, mandibular teeth and labial gingivae of the anterior mandibular teeth
Your patient has history of drug abuse. Which agent could be given with no liability to cause an addiction
Ibuprofen
Which if the ff agents has little value in treating acute inflammation?
Paracetamol
Celecoxib is a member of?
Cox 2 selective inhibitors
Which category of drugs does not affect blood clotting and can br given to patients taking blood thinners
Cox 2 Selective inhibitors
The process by which a gas is released in a certain substance when added with water
Effervescent
Thick, viscid, adhesive liquids made by dispersing gum in water
Mucilage
Solution for the eyes
Collyria
Alcholic or hydroalcholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or chemical substances
Tincture
Loss of sensation of pain? Temperature, pressure, motor function over a specific area without loss of consciousness
Regional analgesia
Refers to adverse effects of drugs taken by the mother snd manifested by the fetys
Teratigenic effect
Which of the ff is the local anesthetic of choice for patients with plasma cholinesterase deficiency
Mepivacine
If atropine is prescribed to a patient, which of the ff effects will the patient experuence
Dryness of mouth and throat
stat
immediately
First drug discovered that dies nit cause sedation and yet effective in controlling epileptic seizures
Phenytoin
Not a property of nitrous oxide
A string anesthesia
Acute psychoses, peptic ulcers, chronic heart failure and edema are classic contraindications for which of the following drugs?
cortisone
Tachycardia is characterised by
Increase in pulse rate
Behaviour of px under GA Suggest that the most resistant part of CNS is
Medulla Oblongata
Sulfonylureas cause insulin secretion by
Direct stimulation of pancreatic and cells
Atropine and propabtheline exert their effects on perioheral structures by ____ acetylcholine
Competing for receptor sites with
Use of dipenhydramjne (benadryl) in controlling symptims if parkinsonism is based upon which effects
Anticholinergic
Which of the ff factors contributed to the short duration of anesthetic action of a single dose of thiopental
Ability to enter and leave brain tissue very rapidly
Which of the ff combinations of agents would be necessary to block the cardiovascular effects produced by the injection of sympathominetic drug
Prazosin and propanolol
Which of the ff is an opioid that has both agonistic and antagonistic activitues
Pentazocine
Glucocorticosteroids are useful as secondary treatment if anaphylaxis because
Suppress inflammatory response to cell injury
Focus of aspirin's central antipyretic effect is the
Hypothalamus
Benzodiazepines exert their MAIN effect on
Neuromuscular junctions
If a patient is requiring an extraction reports that he is on dicumarol therapy, the lab test MOST important in evaluating surgical risk
Plasma prothrombin time
injection of a pressor dose of Norepinephrine may result in a decreased Heart rate because of
activation of baroreceptor reflexes
a dentist administers 1.8mL of 2% lidocaine. How many mg of lidocaine did the pt receive?
36
of the following sympathomimetic agents, the most potent bronchodilator is
isoproterenol
The mechanism of action if H1 antihistamines is
Competitive antagonism
The chief signs and symptoms if severe procaine poisoning
Convulsions, high blood pressure, fast pulse
A patient who has a history of allergy to procaine will be allergic to
Tetracaine
Paresthesia following fractures is most commonly seen in a
Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture
When injecting local anesthetic to anesthesize the max first premolar, the solution should be deposited
Supraperiosteally
Does not have analgesic properties
Pentobarbital
Most frequent cause of inadequate local anesthesia
Use of improper techniques
Antibiotics are administered before oral surgery to patients who have rheumatic heart disease to help
Prevent subacute bacterial endocarditis
Local anesthetic best for px w hyperparathyroidism
3% carbocaines
Epinephrine is added to local anesthetic because it
Decreases the rate of absorption of the local anesthetic at the injection site
After local anesthetic, px goes into syncope with no major change of vital functions, you should:
Lay back the chair, lower the px head, elevate his feet and administer oxygen
Any postoperative antibiotics should be administered at appropriate therapeutic levels for a minimum of
5 days
Lethal barbiturate overdoses cause death by
Respiratory deression
Mydriasis following premedication would probably be the result of
Atropine
Removal of root tip from maxillary antrum, one should block
Second division of trigeminal
Three common symptoms indicating CORRECT level of sedation has been reached when using diazepam (valium) are blurring of vision, slurring of speech and
50% ptosis of eyelids
If local anesthetic agent is accidentally introduced into the vascular system and produces central nervous system stimulation, the drug of choice to counteract this is
Pentobarbital
Diazepam (Valium) is contraindicated for use in a px with a history of
Narrow angle glaucoma
Prolonged use of Dilantin may result in
Gingival hypertrophy
Use of prilocaine carries the risk if which of the following adverse effects
Methemoglobenia
Drug A inhibits the biotransformation of drug B. The duration of action of drug B in the presence of drug A will USUALLY be
Prolonged
Paresthesias elicited during a md block injection are due to
Contact of needle with the nerve trunk
initial repolarization of the nerve after stimulation is due PRIMARILY to ____ the cell
Diffusion of K along the concentration gradient out of
The emergency most frequently experienced during outpatient general anesthesia is
Respiratory obstruction
The drug of choice in management of a patient with an acute allergic reaction involving bronchospasm and hypotension is
Epinephrine
thrombophlebitis occurring after the intravenous administration of diazepam is usually attributed to
Propylene glycol in the mixture
A patient can be protected best from the toxic aspects of LA by
Use an aspirating technique
Toxic effects seen after administration of LA with epinephrine are probably due to anesthetic if ____ is apparent
Drowsiness
Severe acidosis always occur during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The best method to counteract acidosis is ti administer
Sodium Bicarbonate IV
Oral administration of drugs ti achieve conscious sedation during dental procedure has an advantage of
Easiest to administer
After IV administration of an ultrashort barbiturates, which of the tissues is saturated last as a result of redistribution?
Fat
A heroin-dependent patient should NOT be given nalbuphine (Nubain) for pain because
As a mixed agonist-antagonist, it can elicit withdrawal
symptoms
hypotensive shock may result form excessive blood levels of each of the following local anesthetics EXCEPT
Cocaine
All of the following methods of drug bio transformation are classified as synthetic except
O-dealkylation
Derived from quinolone
Quinine
Side effect unique with erythromycin estolate (Ilosone)
A hypersensitivity response involving the liver
The active metabolite if the biotransformation of phenacetin is
Acetaminophen
Most probable cause for a serious toxic reaction to local anesthetic
Excessive blood level of local anesthetic
Primary effect produced by digitalis at therapeutic dose levels is to
Increase force myocardial contraction
The ONLY local anesthetic which increases the pressure activity of both epinephrine and norepinephrine is
Cocaine
Alkalization of tubular urine slows the rate if excretion
Weak bases
Local anesthetic agents act PRIMARILY
On the axon membrane to prevent depolarizing potentials.
Atropine is DESIRABLE for preanesthetic medication because it
Reduces glandular secretion in the airway
Which of the ff drugs is used principally for its diuretic action
Chlorothiazide
Which of the following is a predictable result of a-adrenergic blockade
Lowered blood pressure
B1-adrenergic blocking agents will antagonize which of the ff actions of epinephrine
Cardiac acceleration
Which of the ff may be useful as an infiltrative local anesthetic in a patient allergic to both amide and ester anesthetic derivatives
Dipenhydramine
An IRREVERSIBLE side effect resulting from kong term administration of phenothiazine antipsychotic
Tardive dyskinesia
Doesn't result to blood dyscrasia
Codeine
The prostaglandins doesn't produce this
Increased gastric secretion
Not a characteristic of thiazide diuretics
Hypoglycemia
Not true about acetaminophen
Cross allergenic with aspirin
Which of the following antibiotics is cross allergenic with penicillin and should not be administered to the penicillin sensitive patient
Ampicillin
Not true regarding succinyl choline
It is antagonized by anticholinesterase
The sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are usually NOT useful in childhood diabetes because
Few oancreatic islets cells are active
Adrenal steroids are used successfull to treat all of the following except
Gastric ulcers
Nitroglycerin dilates the coronary arteries in angina pectoris by
Direct action smooth muscle in the vessel walls
MOST probable cause of a serious toxic reaction to a local anesthetic is
Excessive blood level of the local anesthetic
The germicidal action of benzalkonium chloride rapidly REDUCED in the presence of
SOAP
amide-type local anesthetics are metabolized in the
Liver
A patient with grand mal epilepsy would be likely under treatment with
Phenytoin
Phenotiazine are used to
Alter psychotic behaviour
Cardiovascular collapse elicited by a high circulating dose of local anesthetic may be caused by
Histamine release
The principal central action of caffeine is on the
Cerebral cortex
Digitoxin if effective in the treatment of cardiac failure because it
Has a positive cardiac inotropic action
Quinidine is used to treat
Atrial fibrillation
A patient with a history of rheumatic heart disease is scheduled for a dental procedure. According to the guidelines published by the American heart association in 1977, the patient should receive what dosage of penicillin V
2 grams
Nystatin may be used to treat oral infections due to
Candida albicans
Condition contraindicated to the use of atrophine to reduce salivation
Glaucoma
NOT a problem encountered by the dentist in treating a patient on chronic adrenal corticosteroid therapy
Tendency to bleed are increased
A dental patient on clonidine therapy for hypertension MOST often complaines of
Xerostomia
anti epileptic drugs causes gingival hyperplasia
Phenytoin
Does not inhibits secretory activity in the oral cavity
Ephedine
Premedication of dental patient is directed towards
Providing patient safety and comfort,
Providing ease for the operator to perform technical procedures, lessening px anxiety
dry secretions in oral cavity
Propantheline
Least toxic antibiotic: vancomycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol
None
Anticoagulant NOT therapeutically effective when administered orally
Heparin Sodium
NOT true about propoxyphene
Prepared as hydrochloride and naphyslate
NOT a characteristic of phenothiazine
Antiemitic
PEN G does not cause
Blood dyscrasias
epinephrine reversal is a predictable result of the use of epinephrine in a patient who has received a/an.......?
alpha- blocker
Clinically significant adverse reaction due to Metapronol
Drowsiness
A sedative often used in the management of anxious pediatric patient
Chloral hydrate
Ester type local anesthetics are metabolized where
plasma
Which of the following is contraindication or precaution of the use of prilocaine
Hepatic disease
Which local anesthetic has no place in the routine practice of dentistry
Cocaine
Antiviral agent peniciclovir is active against whicg virus
Hepres Simplex Virus type 1 HSV 1
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