Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

chapter 16

Terms in this set (32)

chemoreceptors
detect chemicals in mouth (taste), nose (smell), and body fluids
thermoreceptors
detect changes in temperature
proprioceptors
Located in muscles, tendons, joints, and inner ear; provide information about body position, muscle length and tension, position and motion of joints, and equilibrium (balance).
nociceptors
respond to painful stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue
mechanoreceptors
detect mechanical stimuli; provide sensations of touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, and hearing and equilibrium; also monitor stretching of blood vessels and internal organs
first order sensory neuron
unipolar
Their cell body is located in the dorsal root ganglia just
outside the CNS
Their axon terminals end nearby in the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord
second order sensory neuron
conduct ascending
impulses from the brainstem, where their axons
decussate, to the thalamus
third order sensory neuron
conduct ascending
impulses from the thalamus to the primary
somatosensory area
primary somatosensory area
for sensory information from skeletal muscle and skin
postcentral gyrus
merkel discs
light touch receptors
upper motor neuron
originates in cerebral cortex or brainstem and terminates on a lower motor neuron
lower motor neuron
motor neuron in the peripheral nervous system with its nerve fiber extending out to the muscle and only its cell body in the central nervous system
primary motor area
sends impulses to skeletal muscles
precentral gyrus
basal nuclei
islands of gray matter buried within the white matter
cerebellar neurons
Help coordinate movements, posture, and balance
sensation
conscious/subconscious awareness of changes in the external/interal environment
perception
conscious awareness and interpretation of sensation
adaption
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
sensory modality
each unique type of sensation
A given sensory neuron carries information for only one
2 classes of sensory modalities
general senses and special senses
visceral senses
information about conditions within internal organs
special senses
vision, hearing, taste, smell, equilibrium
lateral spinothalamic pathway
descending
pain and temperature
Primary spinothalamic tracts
ascending
posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway
Conveys nerve impulses for touch, pressure, vibration and conscious proprioception from the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head to the cerebral cortex
anterior spinothalamic tract
crude touch and pressure
slowly adapting receptors
receptors that detect pain, body position, and chemical composition of the blood
fast adapting receptors
pressure, touch, smell
decussation
The anatomical crossing over of neurons from left to right
lateral corticospinal tract
a set of axons from the primary motor cortex, surrounding areas, and midbrain area that is primarily responsible for controlling the peripheral muscles
anterior corticospinal tract
Motor pathway for ipsilateral VOLUNTARY movement.
corticospinal tract
connections between brain and spine
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...