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patho ch 5
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Terms in this set (55)
Eye & Ear
major sense organs
Chlorid
continuous with ciliary body (secretes aqueous humor) connected to lens for focusing
Impacted Cerumen
a typical accumulation of cerumen (ear wax) in outer ear canal
Retina
light sensitive layer with rods (back&white-dim light), cones (color)
Optic Disc
(blind spot) has no rods or cones
Swimmer's Ear
inflammation resulting in infection of outer ear canal by trapper water after swimming
Light Rays
are the key to sight
Otitus Media
inflammation of the middle ear (usually filled with air) now with accumulation of fluid
Refractive errors
most common cause for diminished visual acuity
Hyeropia
(farsightedness) occurs when light that enters the eye is focused behind the retina impairing near vision because eyeball is short
Astigmatism
irregular focusing of light rays entering the eye because cornea is not spherical causing some images to br clearly defines while others are blurred
Pupil
center portion of itis- allows light to enter
common symptoms of ear disease
1. hearing loss
2. ear pain or pressure
3. tinnitus
4. vertigo
5. nausea and vomiting
Sclera
tough, fibrous connective tissue (white of the eye)
Nystagmus
involuntary, repetitive, rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
common symptoms of eye disease
redness and drainage
outer (external) ear
pinna (auricle)& external auditory canal- collect and funnel sound waves
Iris
(colored portion of the eye)- regulates amount of light that enters
Macula Lutea
(yellow spot) lies lateral to optic disc
Keratitis
inflammation or infection of the cornea
Entropin
eyelid margins turn inward causing lashes to rub conjunctiva
Otosclerosis
abnormal bone growth in middle ear (primarily affects staples) causing impairment of movement of ossicles resulting in diminished conduction of sound waves & so hearing is loss
Myopia
(nearsightedness)- light rays are focused in front of retina causing blurred vision of distant objects- eyeball is abnormally long
Ectropion
lowered eyelid everts from eyeball- exposed surface becomes dry & irritated
Blepharotosis
(ptosis) permanent drooping of upper eyelid so it partially or completely covers the eye
Corneal Abration or ulcer
painful loss of surface epithelium or outer layer of cornea
Episcleritis/ Scleritis
inflammation of the episclera (external surface of the sclera) is episcleritis while scleritis in inflammation of the deeper sclera (white outer most covering of the eyeball)
Inner
2 membrane- lined chambers, each filled with fluid
Cholesteatoma
pocket of cells in middle ear that collects into a mass and becomes infected eroding the bone lining the middle ear cavity and ossicles become damaged
Chalazion
small, firm, nonmobile, painless, subcutaneous nodule on margin or body of eyelid- occurs with occlusion of meibomian glands
cataract
natural lens of eye becomes opacified
Strabismus
visual defect of misalignment- eyes do not look in same direction at same time
Conjuntivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva (pink eye)
Macular degeneration
progressive deterioration or breakdown of macula of retina diabetic retinopathy pathologic alteration of retinal blood vessels and proliferation of retinal vessels
Presbyopia
lens cannot focus due to loss of elasticity related to aging-usually after age 40
Cochlea
has hairs that change sound waves into nerve impulses then sent to brain via auditory nerve
Retinal detachment
elevation (separation) of retina from choroid detachment uveitis inflammaion of the uveal tract, including iris, ciliary body & choroid
fovea centralis
center where images are the sharpest
Exopthalmus
abnormal protrusion of eyeballs
Ear
organ of hearing & balance
Hordeolum
acute, focal inflammatory infection of sebaceous gland of eyelid
Middle ear
has tympanic membrane (eardrum, 3 small bones- malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), & stapes (stirrup), & Eustachian tube (leads to pharynx at back of nose)- relays sound waves to oval window
infective otitis externa
inflammation of outer canal
Menier's disease
chronic disease of the inner ear affecting the labyrinth
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
usually vestibular system disorder- head spinning, surroundings are moving
Labyrinthitis
inflammation or infection of labyrinth of inner ear
Rupture Tympanic membrane
(ruptured eardrum) breach in membrane as a result of pressure, force, or insult from exterior aspect or from increased pressure in middle ear
Glaucoma
damage to the optic nerve due to increased intraocular pressure in aqueous humor
Mastoiditis
inflammation of mastoid bone
Sensorineural hearing loss
(deafness)- sound waves reach inner ear but nerve impulses are not transmitted to the brain
blepharitis
inflammation of margins of eyelids involving hair follicles & glands
labyrinth
(responsible for maintaining balance) which has the semicircular canal
cancer of the ear
tumor in any part of ear- benign or malignant
Vision takes place in the presence of light in this order
1. an image is formed on the retina
2. the rods & cones are stimulated
3. nerve impulses are conducted to brain by the optic nerve
Diagnostic tests
1. eye charts
2. tonometry to measure intraocular pressure
3. eye cultures to identify viral or bacterial agents
4. visual field charts
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