patho ch 5

Terms in this set (55)

major sense organs

continuous with ciliary body (secretes aqueous humor) connected to lens for focusing

Impacted Cerumen

a typical accumulation of cerumen (ear wax) in outer ear canal

light sensitive layer with rods (back&white-dim light), cones (color)

(blind spot) has no rods or cones

inflammation resulting in infection of outer ear canal by trapper water after swimming

are the key to sight

inflammation of the middle ear (usually filled with air) now with accumulation of fluid

Refractive errors

most common cause for diminished visual acuity

(farsightedness) occurs when light that enters the eye is focused behind the retina impairing near vision because eyeball is short

irregular focusing of light rays entering the eye because cornea is not spherical causing some images to br clearly defines while others are blurred

center portion of itis- allows light to enter

common symptoms of ear disease

1. hearing loss
2. ear pain or pressure
3. tinnitus
4. vertigo
5. nausea and vomiting

tough, fibrous connective tissue (white of the eye)

involuntary, repetitive, rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

common symptoms of eye disease

redness and drainage

outer (external) ear

pinna (auricle)& external auditory canal- collect and funnel sound waves

(colored portion of the eye)- regulates amount of light that enters

(yellow spot) lies lateral to optic disc

inflammation or infection of the cornea

eyelid margins turn inward causing lashes to rub conjunctiva

abnormal bone growth in middle ear (primarily affects staples) causing impairment of movement of ossicles resulting in diminished conduction of sound waves & so hearing is loss

(nearsightedness)- light rays are focused in front of retina causing blurred vision of distant objects- eyeball is abnormally long

lowered eyelid everts from eyeball- exposed surface becomes dry & irritated

(ptosis) permanent drooping of upper eyelid so it partially or completely covers the eye

Corneal Abration or ulcer

painful loss of surface epithelium or outer layer of cornea

Episcleritis/ Scleritis

inflammation of the episclera (external surface of the sclera) is episcleritis while scleritis in inflammation of the deeper sclera (white outer most covering of the eyeball)

2 membrane- lined chambers, each filled with fluid

pocket of cells in middle ear that collects into a mass and becomes infected eroding the bone lining the middle ear cavity and ossicles become damaged

small, firm, nonmobile, painless, subcutaneous nodule on margin or body of eyelid- occurs with occlusion of meibomian glands

natural lens of eye becomes opacified

visual defect of misalignment- eyes do not look in same direction at same time

inflammation of the conjunctiva (pink eye)

Macular degeneration

progressive deterioration or breakdown of macula of retina diabetic retinopathy pathologic alteration of retinal blood vessels and proliferation of retinal vessels

lens cannot focus due to loss of elasticity related to aging-usually after age 40

has hairs that change sound waves into nerve impulses then sent to brain via auditory nerve

Retinal detachment

elevation (separation) of retina from choroid detachment uveitis inflammaion of the uveal tract, including iris, ciliary body & choroid

fovea centralis

center where images are the sharpest

abnormal protrusion of eyeballs

organ of hearing & balance

acute, focal inflammatory infection of sebaceous gland of eyelid

has tympanic membrane (eardrum, 3 small bones- malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), & stapes (stirrup), & Eustachian tube (leads to pharynx at back of nose)- relays sound waves to oval window

infective otitis externa

inflammation of outer canal

Menier's disease

chronic disease of the inner ear affecting the labyrinth

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

usually vestibular system disorder- head spinning, surroundings are moving

inflammation or infection of labyrinth of inner ear

Rupture Tympanic membrane

(ruptured eardrum) breach in membrane as a result of pressure, force, or insult from exterior aspect or from increased pressure in middle ear

damage to the optic nerve due to increased intraocular pressure in aqueous humor

inflammation of mastoid bone

Sensorineural hearing loss

(deafness)- sound waves reach inner ear but nerve impulses are not transmitted to the brain

inflammation of margins of eyelids involving hair follicles & glands

(responsible for maintaining balance) which has the semicircular canal

cancer of the ear

tumor in any part of ear- benign or malignant

Vision takes place in the presence of light in this order

1. an image is formed on the retina
2. the rods & cones are stimulated
3. nerve impulses are conducted to brain by the optic nerve

Diagnostic tests

1. eye charts
2. tonometry to measure intraocular pressure
3. eye cultures to identify viral or bacterial agents
4. visual field charts

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