Kaplan OAT Study Sheet

Exterior of the phospholipid bilayer
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Terms in this set (22)
Exterior of the phospholipid bilayer
hydrophilic, phosphoric-acid region
Interior of the phospholipid bilayer
hydrophobic, fatty-acid region
Phospholipid bilayer is made up of
cholesterol and embedded proteins
Generally, aldosterone and ADH both help with what?
hormonal regulation
What is the purpose of aldosterone?
Stimulates Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion, increasing water reabsorption, blood volume, and blood pressure
Aldosterone is secreted from where?
adrenal cortex
Aldosterone is regulated by what?
renin-angiotensin system
What is the purpose of ADH?
increases collecting duct's permeability to water to increase water reabsorption
ADH is secreted from where?
posterior pituitary with high [solute] in the blood
Name the liver's roles in homeostasis.
1) Gluconeogenesis
2) Processing of nitrogenous wastes (urea)
3) Detoxification of wastes/chemicals/drugs
4) Storage of iron and vitamin B12
5) Synthesis of bile and blood proteins
6) Beta-oxidation of fatty acids to ketones
7) Interconversion of carbs, fat, and amino acids
What is allosteric regulation?binding of an effector molecule at allosteric siteWhat is feedback inhibition?end product inhibits initial enzyme pathwayWhat is reversible inhibition?competitive inhibitors bind to active site; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to allosteric siteWhere does glycolysis occur?cytoplasmWhat is the equation of glycolysis?C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 H2OFermentation occurs in what type of conditions?AnaerobicWhat happens during fermentation?Pyruvate is converted into lactic acid (in muscle) or ethanol (in yeast)Respiration occurs in what type of conditions?aerobic conditionsWhat are the steps of aerobic respiration?glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylation, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylationWhat happens during pyruvate decarboxylation?pyruvate converted to acetyl-CoA in the mitochindrial matrixWhat happens during the citric acid cycle?acetyl-CoA enters and coenzymes exitWhat happens during the