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General Biology : Animal Tissue

Terms in this set (123)

Tissue
Group of cells with similar structure and function.
Histology
Study of tissues
To weave
Old French verb for Tissue, which means...
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nerve Cells/Neurons
4 Types of Animal Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Serves as covering or as lining of organs and cavities.
Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Excretion
Filtration
Diffusion
Sensory reception
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
Shape of Cells
Layer of Cells
Epithelial tissues are classified based on...
Simple
Stratified
Layers of epithelial tissue
Simple
Single layered.
Stratified
Multi-layered.
Simple Squamous
Simple Cuboidal
Simple Columnar
Pseudostratified
Stratified
Transitional
Ciliated
Types of Epithelial Tissue
Simple Squamous
Single layer of flat cells
Simple Squamous
Scale-like tissue
Blood and lymph vessel lining (diffusion)
Alveoli of the lungs (diffusion)
Portion of the kidney tubules (filtration and secretion)
Pleural, pericardial, peritoneal lining (protection)
Location of Squamous Tissue
Simple Cuboidal
Single layer of cube shaped cells, usually with spherical nuclei.
Secretion
Absorption
Function of simple cuboidal epithelium
Portion of kidney tubules (diffusion, secretion, and absorption)
Glands in the brain (secretion)
Thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands (secretion)
Salivary glands (secretion)
Surface of the ovaries (protection)
Location Simple Cuboidal
Simple Columnar
Single layer of tall cells
Simple Columnar
Forms the lining of the stomach and small intestine
Secretion
Absorption
Protection
Functions of Simple Columnar
Pancreatic cells (secretion)
Stomach and intestinal cells (secretion)
Intestinal lining (absorption)
Location of Simple Columnar
Pseudostratified
Simple columnar, but appears to have two or more layers.
Secretion
Absorption
Functions of Pseudostratified
Lining of nasal cavity and sinus (synthesis and secretion of mucus)
Lining of pharynx, trachea and bronchi (secretion of mucus)
Location of Pseudostratified
Stratified
Multiple layers of cell that are cuboidal or columnar in the base layer progressively flattened toward the surface.
Keratinized
Nonkeratinized
Cells in the Stratified Epithelium can be...
Keratinized
Composed of numerous layers of dead squamous cells, which are specially structured to be water proof and reduce evaporation from underlying tissues.
Skin (Keratinized)
Oral Cavity
Throat
Larynx
Esophagus
Anus
Vagina
Urethra
Cornea (Nonkeratinized)
Location of Stratified Epithelium
Protection against abrasion.
Barrier against infection.
Prevents dehydration.
Function of Stratified tissue in the Skin.
Protection against abrasion
Function of Stratified tissue in the oral cavity, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, urethra, cornea
Transitional
Stratified and can be greatly stretched.
Cells are cuboidal when not stretched and becomes squamous when stretched.
Lining of urinary bladder, ureter, and urethra (change in fluid volume)
Location of Transitional epithelium
Ciliated
Columnar cells with cilia on the outer surface.
Cilia
Performs the function of moving particles or fluid over the epithelial surface and structures, such as the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.
Lining of trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles (sweeping of mucus and foreign particles)
Lining of fallopian tube (sweeping the fertilized ovum to the uterus)
Digestive tract (movement of accumulated food particles)
Location of Ciliated Epithelium
Connective Tissue
Formed, maintained, and characterized by specialized cells.
Extracellular Matrix
The chemical substances located between connective tissue cells
Collagen Fibers
Elastin Fibers
Reticular FIbers
Types of Protein Fibers
Collagen Fibers
Provides strength to the tissue; it prevents them to be torn or separated from the other surrounding tissues.
Elastin Fibers
Made of the protein elastin, which can stretch and return to its original size and shape; provide flexibility to the tissues.
Reticular Fibers
Consists of thin strands of collagen that can form a network of fibers or like a supportive mesh to support the tissues and other organs to which it is connected.
Blast Cells
Cyte Cells
Clast Cells
Types of Cells found in the Connective Tissue
Blast Cells
initiates tissue creation.
Cyte Cells
maintain the tissue structure.
Clast Cells
Breaks down the tissue for remodeling.
Areolar/Loose CT
Adipose CT
Fibrous CT
Elastic CT
Cartilage
Bones
Blood
Types of Connective Tissue
Areolar/Loose CT
Connects skin to muscle, found around organs
Collagen
Elastin
Tissue Fluid
What three things make up the matrix of areolar connective tissue?
Fibroblast
Cell found in Areolar CT
Packs materials between glands, muscles and nerves
Dermal layers
Location and Function of Areolar Ct
Lipids
What is the matrix of Adipose CT?
Adipocytes
cells found in adipose tissue and used mainly for fat storage
Beneath the skin
Around the body organs
In the breasts
Within the bones
Location of Adipose CT
Thermal insulator
Energy storage
Cushion and protection of organs against injury.
Functions of Adipose CT
Collagen
What is the matrix found in Fibrous CT?
Fibroblasts
Cells found in Fibrous CT
Tendons
Ligaments
Dermis
Organ Capsules
Location of Fibrous CT
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
Dermis
withstand force, pressure or stretch
Organ capsules
protection in the fibrous CT
Elastin
Matrix in the Elastic CT
Fibroblasts
Cells found in Elastic CT
Arteries
Vertebral Ligaments
Vocal Folds
location of elastic CT
Withstand applied force of pressure
Promote stretching
Function of elastic CT
Cartilage
Specialized form of connective tissues, which is thin, flexible and it resist compressive forces.
Collagen
matrix of Cartilage
Chondrocytes
cells found in cartilage, which produce matrix of collagen.
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
What are the three types of cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
most common type of cartilage; glass-like but translucent.
Joints
Nasal Cartilage
Respiratory Tract Cartilage
Cartilage of the Ribs
Hyaline Cartilage Location
Provides support and forms a smooth surface on the joints
Function of Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Very tough and strong tissue
Intervertebral discs
Symphysis pubis
knees
jaw joints
location of fibrocartilage
Flexible and can withstand a great amount of pressure and connects structures.
Function of fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Provides strength and elasticity, and also maintains the shape of the certain structures, such as external ear.
External ears
Epiglottis
Auditory tubes
location of Elastic Cartilage
Provides rigidity and flexibility
function of Elastic Cartilage
bones
It is made of rigid, mineralized matrix.
Calcium
Phosphate Ions
Collagen
Matrix of Bones
Osteocytes
cells of bones, which function is to maintain mineral concentration of the matrix and for the bone remodeling.
Provides great strength and support.
Protects internal organs.
Provides attachment sites for the ligaments and muscles.
Skeletal joints allow movements.
Function of bones
Blood
fluid connective tissue
Plasma
matrix of blood
RBC (erythrocytes)
WBC (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
cells in blood
RBC
Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
WBC
Protects the body from infection and platelets.
Platelets
Aids in blood clotting and wound repair.
Muscle Tissue
Specialized to contract and relax to bring about movements.
Muscle Tissue
Maintenance of posture and body position.
Skeletal MT
Cardiac MT
Smooth MT
Types of Muscle Tissues
Muscle Fibers
long, slender cells that make up muscles
Skeletal MT
striated and voluntary
Attached to the bones
location of skeletal muscle tissue
cardiac mt
pumps blood and involuntary
walls of the heart
location of cardiac muscle tissue
Smooth MT
tapered, not striated and single nucleus.
Stomach and intestines
Wall of arteries and veins
Irises
Produce goosebumps in the skin
location of smooth mt
Nerve Cells
Receive and transmit signals
Cell Body
Dendrites
Axon
parts of a neuron
Dendrites
Transmit the impulse toward the cell body
Axon
transmits impulses away from the cell body
Motor Neuron
Sensory Neuron
Types of neuron
Motor
conduct action potentials away from CNS
Sensory
conduct action potentials toward the CNS
Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
What are the three structural classes of neurons?
Multipolar
many dendrites, one axon
Bipolar
one dendrite and one axon
unipolar
one axon and no dendrites
Neuroglia
cells that support and protect neurons
Astrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann Cells
types of neuroglia cells
astrocytes
form blood brain barrier
ependymal cells
produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
microglia
Remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis
Oligodendrocytes
produce myelin in CNS
Myelin sheath
covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
schwann cells
produce myelin in PNS
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps in the myelin sheath to which voltage-gated sodium channels are confined.
Myelinated
having a myelin sheath
unmyelinated
axons without myelin sheath
resting potential
positive outside, negative inside
action potential
negative outside, positive inside
Synapse
A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.
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