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Platform Developer I

Terms in this set (192)

Salesforce Platform

Group of technologies that supports the development of other technologies on top of it

Supports custom functionality built by customers and partners

Gives developers the power to build highly scalable web apps and back-end services with Ruby, Python, Go and more

Built on AWS

Suite of technologies that lets you build native, HTML5, and hybrid apps that have the same reliability and security as the Salesforce app

Metadata-Driven Development Model

Platform is metadata-aware, so it can auto-generate significant part of the user experience for you

Pre-built functionality

Can see entity-relationship model in action

Provides coders and non-coders with easy way to visualize and configure app's data model

Declarative Development

Refers to point-and-click functionality in Salesforce. It means that you can configure and customize Salesforce without writing code.

Uses less time to develop and move faster

1. Workflow Rules
2. Process Builder
3. Flow

Lightning Component Framework

UI development framework for desktop and mobile.

Component-based approach to UI development.

Works with mobile devices

Use JavaScript on the client-side (action takes place on the client's computer) and Apex on the server-side (action takes place on a web server)

Includes
1. Component (.cmp) file
2. Controller (.js)

Used to extend Salesforce functionality, is similar to C#

Saved, compiled, and executed directly on the Lightning Platform

Object-oriented, so supports encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism

1. Every object has representation via Apex class that provides functionality to interact with the database
2. Must have 75% test coverage to deploy Apex code to production org
3. No solution, project, or config file
4. Class library is smaller than .NET Framework

Lets you create and customize pages in Salesforce as well as integrate with other standard web technologies, including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

Developing entire pages at once - stored as ApexPage

Framework for rendering HTML pages using an MVC paradigm

Includes:
1. yourPageName.page
2. yourPageName.page-meta.xml

Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS)

Lets you style your pages so they match the look and feel of Salesforce's new Lightning Experience interface

Use <apex:tagName>

XML Markup for Aura Components

Aura component tags and static HTML tags are seen

Uses <namespace:tagName> convention for its tags

Apex Controller

Use Apex server-side controllers

Integrate your org's data with other applications using standard SOAP protocols.

Access objects in your org using standard REST protocols.

Manage customizations in your org and build tools that manage your metadata model.

Build custom development tools for platform applications.

Marketing Cloud API

Expose Marketing Cloud capabilities with the REST API and get comprehensive access to most email functionality with the SOAP API.

Load, delete, and perform asynchronous queries on large data sets.

Send and receive notifications securely and efficiently. Notifications can reflect data changes in your org, or custom events.

Build UI for Chatter, Communities, Recommendations, Files, Topics, and more.

Internet of Things (IoT)

The network of products embedded with connectivity-enabled electronics

Can integrate Salesforce to monitor the performance status of your customer's devices and define business logic that supports customer engagement

Unifies Salesforce data with Postgres data

Process Builder

Behind the scenes automation (when user input is not needed)

Types include:
1. Record change: (most common), record is created or edited
2. Invocable: called by another process
3. Platform event: platform event message is received

Actions Include:
1. Create a record
2. Update any related record
3. Use a quick action to create a record, update a record, or log a call
4. Launch a flow
5. Send an email
6. Post to Chatter
7. Submit for approval
8. Call apex methods

Can schedule actions at the specific time - SFDC makes sure the associated criteria node still evaluates to true Based on:
Specific date/time field on the record in the process
The time that the process ran (i.e. 3 days from now)

Cannot grab the ID of the created record and use it elsewhere, but CAN do that with a flow

Best practice to create one process for each object - otherwise, SFDC cannot guarantee which runs first

Can update child records when the parent record is updated

Automated business process that can execute logic, interact with SFDC database, call Apex classes, and collect data from users

Uses connectors, elements, and resources

Can update, create, get, delete records

Can send core actions like emails, submit for approval, create chatter post, etc.

Use when functionality cannot be achieve through process builder or when requirement is too complex for it

Can perform most core actions like submit for approval, send email, create chatter post, etc.

Data Import Wizard

Input: CSV File, deal with 1 object per import
Need record ID

Use when:
1. Loading up to 50,000 records
2. Want to prevent duplicates by uploading records according to account name and site, contact email address, or lead email address

Tool lets you import data in common standard objects, such as contacts, leads, accounts as well as data in custom objects

Cannot import Users

Provides simple interface to specify the configuration parameters, data sources, and the field mappings that map the field names in your import file

Input: CSV File, only can deal with 1 object per import
Needs Record ID field

Use when you need to:
1. Load 50,000 to 5 million records (if need to load more work with SFDC partner or visit AppExchange)
2. Load into an object not supported by Data Import Wizard
3. Schedule regular data loads such as nightly imports
4. Export data for backup purposes - can schedule daily with command line

Can be operated either through user interface or command line, processes records with SOAP APfI; if using command line, need to specify data sources, field mappings, and other parameters via configuration lines

Makes it possible to automate import process using API calls
Can also export using this service

If used outside of trusted IP ranges, need user and password and security token

Can hard delete records, upload docs and links into content libraries, and upload attachments

Lightning Platform

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) platform that relies on metadata-driven architecture

Tightly integrated with database, which enables you to build apps super fast

Gets UI, security, and reporting right in the platform

Don't need to worry about upgrading, tuning, or scaling

UI framework for developing SPAs for mobile and desktop devices

Programming models:
1. Lightning Web Components
2. Aura Components

Template or blueprint from which objects are created

Apex Data Types

1. Integer
2. Double
3. Long
4. Date
5. Datetime
6. String - always treated like primitive value type
7. Boolean
8. ID (for 18 character)
9. sObject (generic SFDC object)
10. enum - typed list of values (numbers: cannot define number values)

.NET strings are references even though they behave like value types

Ordered collection of elements that works much the same as a traditional array

Arrays in Apex are synonymous to lists and can be used interchangeably

Declare like:
List<String> myStrings = new List<String>();

Can initialize its values:
List<String> = new List<String>();
myStrings.add('String1');
myStrings.add('String2');

Output of every SOQL is a list

Unordered collection of elements that does not contain duplicates

Commonly used to store ID values because the values are always unique

Can use the set as a part of the WHERE clause in a SOQL query:

Set<ID> accountIds = new Set<ID>{'001d000000BOaHSAA1','001d000000BOaHTAA1'};

List<Account> accounts = [SELECT Name FROM Account WHERE Id IN :accountIds];

(:variable to use the reference passed into the class)

Collection of key-pair values

Each key maps to a single value

Useful when you need to find something quickly by key - key values must be unique

Example:
Map<Id, Account> accountMap = new Map<Id, Account>([SELECT Id, Name FROM Account]);

Id accId = '001d000000BOaHSAA1'; Account account = accountMap.get(accId);

Code executed within an execution context

This context represents the time between when the code is executed and when it ends

The Apex code you write is not the only code that is executing

1. Database Trigger
2. Anonymous Apex
3. Asynchronous Apex
4. Web Services
5. Email Services
6. Visualforce or Lightning Pages

Executes in a system context, with access to all objects and fields

Object, field, and sharing rules are not applied for the current user

Database Trigger

Invoked for a specific event on a custom or standard object.

Code snippets executed on the fly in Dev Console & other tools.

Asynchronous Apex

Occurs when executing a future or queueable Apex, running a batch job, or scheduling Apex to run at a specified interval.

Use when:
1. Processing a very large number of records (increases governor and execution limits)
2. Making callouts to external web services
3. Creating a better and faster experience

Code that is exposed via SOAP or REST web services.

Code that is set up to process inbound email.

Visualforce or Lightning Pages

Visualforce controllers and Lightning components can execute Apex code automatically or when a user initiates an action, such as clicking a button. Lightning components can also be executed by Lightning processes and flows.

Execute programming logic before or after events to records in Salesforce

BEFORE
Records saved after the trigger finished execution
1. Before insert
2. Before update
3. Before delete

AFTER
Can access field values set by the system (Id, LastModifiedDate) - records that fire these are read only
4. After insert
5. After update
6. After delete
7. After undelete

Basic syntax:
trigger TriggerName on ObjectName (trigger_events) { // code_block }

ONLY resort to Apex trigger if it cannot be accomplished with a point-and-click tool

Best practice to create one trigger per object

Apex Limitations

Apex triggers can receive up to 200 objects at once

Synchronous limit for total SOQL queries is 100 and 150 for DML statements

Create Apex code to handle code to prevent breaching the limitations

Create a list of the specific object you are using DML statement on, and add all the individual records to it - once you have looped through them all, insert/update/delete the list all at once

Data Manipulation Language enables to modify and create records in SFDC

Use if you want to throw error as exception that interrupts control flow (use try..catch to get error)

1. Insert - ID is auto-assigned for new records
2. Update
3. Upsert - creates new records and updates sObject records within a single statement, avoids duplicate creation; compares with ID field if not specify field

upsert jane2 Contact.fields.Email; (matches with email field in upsert)

4. Delete - places records in recycle bin for 15 days
5. Undelete
6. Merge - merges up to 3 records of the same sObject into one of the records and deletes the others

Accepts either a single sObject or a list (array) - list is most efficient

Limit of 150 statements per Apex transaction, which is why you bulkify code and perform one statement on a list

Doesn't require an instance of a class in order to run

All static initialization code blocks are executed

Only have access to provided inputs and other static (global) variables

To use Apex controller in Aura Component, must be static

Easier to call because they do not need to be called on an instance of the class but are called directly on the class name

Instance Method

No modified and local variables

Associated with a particular object, have no definition modifier, and created with every object instantiated from the class in which they're declared

Add the @future annotation to your method to make a method asynchronous

Make sure the method is static and returns void type

Not guaranteed to execute in the same order as they are called

Used for:
1. Callouts to external Web Services
2. Operations to run in own thread
3. Isolating DML operations on different sObject types to prevent mixed DML error

Syntax:
global class SomeClass{
@future
public static void someFutureMethod(){}
}

Future Limitations

1. Cannot track execution because no Apex job ID is returned
2. Parameters must be primitive data types, arrays of primitive data types, or collections of primitive data types - cannot take objects as arguments
3. Cannot chain future methods to have one call another

Batchable Interface

Use if you need to process a large number of records

Class implements Database.Batchable interface

Can define start(), execute(), and finish() methods

Invoke with Database.executeBatch method

Stateless, each job is considered a discrete transaction

Batchable Limitations

1. Troubleshooting is troublesome
2. Jobs are queued and subject to server availability

Superset of future methods - mixed Batch Apex with Queueable Apex

Can submit jobs for asynchronous processing

1. Non-primitive types - classes can accept parameter variables of non-primitive data types
2. Monitoring - jobId is returned to identify the job and monitor progress
3. Chaining Jobs - can chain jobs to another by starting a second job from a running job

Uses implements Queueable

Where you find most of what you need to debug and analyze your code

Write to the debug log like:
System.debug('My Debug Message');

Each must be 20 MB or smaller

Org can retain 1000 MB of debug logs (oldest are overwritten)

Debug Log Levels

Run from lowest to highest and are cumulative

Finest level = get ALL messages logged as error, warn, info, etc.

1. NONE
2. ERROR
3. WARN
4. INFO
5. DEBUG
6. FINE
7. FINER
8. FINEST

Reveal a lot of detailed execution information about a line of code, but do not stop execution on that line

Has 8 artifacts + metadata, and therefore is stored in a bundle

Represented as a folder of files when you save to local storage

1. Component File (*.cmp)
2. JavaScript Controller (*controller.js)
3. JavaScript Helper (*helper.js)
4. CSS Styles (*.css)
5. Documentation (*.auradoc)
6. Renderer (*renderer.js)
7. SVG File (*.svg)

SFDC server processes the markup and the resulting HTML is sent to the requesting user's browser for display

If a page uses expression "{!variable}, it is evaluated by the server

All framework processing happens on the server

Process:
Client (UI) -> Visualforce -> HTML Rendering -> Client UI (HTML)

1. User requests a page
2. The server executes the page's underlying code and sends the resulting HTML to the browser
3. The browser displays the HTML
4. When the user interacts with the page, return to step one

Aura Components

Component's resources are packaged up and sent to the requesting user's browser

Most is JavaScript

Browser runs JS, which renders the resulting HTML and inserts it into the existing page

Can be composed of dozens or even hundreds of smaller components, which can be composed of even smaller components

Should be the piece of a larger whole - to run, must add it to something larger

Built for one page use

Used in Visualforce pages

Can contain LWC

Expression evaluation, global variables, controller properties resolved here

JavaScript marked here

Process:
Client (UI) -> Aura/Lightning Component -> Component Definition -> Component Bundle -> HTML Rendering -> Client UI (Rendered HTML)

1. The user requests an application or a component
2. The application or component bundle is returned to the client
3. The browser loads the bundle
4. The JavaScript application generates the UI
5. When the user interacts with the page, the JavaScript application modifies the user interface as needed (return to previous step)

Lightning Web Component

Component built directly on the Web stack

Faster than Aura Component to create and does not require the user to download JavaScript and wait for the engine to compile it before rendering

1. Easier to learn than Aura, no Aura framework
2. Better performance
3. Focus on web standards
4. Transferable skills from other web app frameworks (React JS, Angular)

Essential Files:
1. JavaScript - core business logic (needs import statement with LightningElement wrapped and export statement with class name)
2. HTML - structure (includes <template>)
3. CSS - look, feel and animation

Apex Test Class

Use @isTest in the beginning as the tag

Use to create the records and trigger the created Apex trigger on those records

SingIe-Page Applications (SPAs)

Load a single page and a bunch of JavaScript

Once thats loaded, the JavaScript runs and updates the user interface of the page from then on

Users navigate from state to state

Dynamically loads parts of the webpage, instead of loading the entire thing

Initially brings in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and after page does not reload nor does it transfer control to another webpage

More seamless transition

Visualforce Page

A web page created using Visualforce.

Typically, Visualforce pages present information relevant to your organization, but they can also modify or capture data.

They can be rendered in several ways, such as a PDF document or an email attachment, and can be associated with a CSS style.

It is a "large" standalone building block

Displayed in
1. Standbard button/link
2. Within standard page layout
3. Tab
4. Salesforce1

Taking smaller, fine-grained components and assembling them up

Visualforce Component

When built, have more access to features than when develop custom Visualforce components

Less powerful and functional than Aura components

Benefits of Aura Components

1. Aura can fire and receive events to communicate between components - can write handlers or framework with container events
2. The bundle has separate artifacts that auto-wires them together (great organization)
3. Can be used in more contexts

Application Containers

Container is an application context, or environment in which your code runs

Obvious one is Lightning Experience (one.app)

Event must fire within the container for it to be used

Aura component code can access ONLY the services of the container its running inside of even if that container is inside of another container

Can place smaller containers into larger containers, creating multiple layers of the containment hierarchy

1. Salesforce Classic
2. Visualforce
3. Salesforce App
4. Lightning Experience
5. Lightning App Builder (LAB)
6. Lightning console apps
7. Communities
8. Lightning Components for Visualforce (LC4VF)
9. Lightning Out
10. Lightning for Outlook and Lightning for Gmail
11. Stand-alone my.app

Standard Controller

<apex:page contoller="MyController">

Staple feature of Visualforce

Provides the functionality of the page, for example, controls the logic to be executed when a button is clicked

Can bind that page to an sObject type, and get automatic behavior without writing code

Visualforce Controller

Written in Apex, runs server-side

If create with JavaScript remoting and Apex @RemoteAction methods, designed controller code to be highly reusable for Aura components

Aura Component Controller

Written in JavaScript runs client-side, with Apex controller running server-side

Lightning Data Service (LDS)

Only available for Aura components, closest thing for Aura components for Standard Controller

Access data and metadata from Salesforce via Lightning Data Service. Base Lightning components that work with data are built on LDS. Customize your own components to take advantage of LDS caching, change-tracking, performance, and more

Visualforce Action

Controller method that returns a PageReference at the end of it

Usually attached to a button or link, it represents the work the user wants the app to do

Are methods defined on an Apex class

Aura Component Actions

Functions you write in JavaScript and attach to user interface elements

Are function definitions declared on the value side of elements in a JavaScript object in object-literal notation containing name-value pairs

Are not called, the framework invokes them when appropriate

Apex Properties

Instance variables with custom logic behind them

When defined in Visualforce controller or extension, expressions on a page can use them

Can call helper methods to share or abstract the logic behind them

Component Attributes

Used to access the value in an expression in your component markup

Declared like this:
<aura:attribute name="myAttribute" type="Integer"/>

Require at a minimum a name and datatype

Set component instance from within an action function

component._myExpando = "A new string variable";

Recommend against these due to memory leaks and subtle bugs, but INSTEAD create component attribute and set its access level to private

Visualforce Methods

Also functions, are declared in controller Apex class in Visualforce pages

Represent tight coupling between parts of the app, hard to reuse because more specific

Aura Component Events

Use loose coupling, like wireless connections

Write component so it behaves whether the event is received and handled or not

Group of users/software apps that share hardware through an underlying piece of software

On a server, does not have another app to share resources with

Advantages:
1. More control over system resources because don't need to share
2. Greater customization
3. Avoiding "noisy neighbor" Syndrome

Disadvantages:
1. No cost sharing between apps
2. Less efficient, server doesn't run at full capacity

Multiple Tenants

On a server, apps/users share access to system resources

Share memory, CPU, network controllers

System responsible for dynamically allocating resources to these apps

Example: Salesforce

Advantages:
1. Shared cost between apps
2. Simplified hosting - hardware managed by Salesforce

Disadvantages:
1. Outage impacts all apps on suite of hardware (mitigated by redundancy by SFDC)
2. Noisy neighbors - other apps may dominate use of system resources (mitigated by Governor limits in SFDC)

Role as a Developer

Does not need to worry about network, OS, Databases, Servers, or any hardware

1. Design data model
2. Implement business logic
3. Test
4. Deploy

Also called organization

Unique SFDC data and metadata

Server your org resides on

Collection of interrelated functionality

Metadata in your org acting as one unit

Model-View-Controller (MVC)

A fundamental software design pattern that divides the related program logic into three interconnected elements and defines their relationships

Central component of the pattern

Dynamic data structure, and independent of the UI (sObjects)

Representation of information

Converts user input to commands for the model or view

Benefits of MVC

1. Simultaneous development
2. High cohesion
3. Loose coupling among models
4. Ease of modification
5. Multiple views

Tagged to Apex Controller for use in Aura Component

Primitive Data Type

1. Integer
2. Double
3. Long
4. Date
5. Datetime
6. String
7. ID
8. Boolean

Each record in SFDC is natively represented as this in Apex

For example, Account sObject is abstraction of the account record and holds the account field information in memory as an object

Each record is represented as an sObject before it is inserted into SFDC

Either generic or specific such as Account, Contact, or CustomObject__c

Name and field names correspond to API names of standard or custom objects or fields

Create:
Account acct = new Account (Name = 'Acme')

1. list.add(value)
2. list.get(index)

Way to write messages to the debug log

When creating a SFDC record, allocates it in memory first

Generic sObjects

Can only be created through the newSObject() method

Can only access with put() and get() methods

Can be assigned to any specific sObject (standard or custom)

If DML operation fails, this is returned

Helps catch exceptions in code to handle error conditions

try{
// do insert
} catch (DmlException e) {
System.debug('A DML exception has occurred: ' + e.getMessage() );
}

Use if you want to allow partial success

Built in and provides methods that perform DML operations that mirror the DML statement counterparts

Optional allOrNone parameter that allows you to specify whether the operation should partially succeed - if false, errors on partial set of records; if true, acts like DML statement counterpart

Database.insert(recordList, false);

Can save results with Database.SaveResult[] results = Database.insert(recordList, false);

Related Records

Use the ID of the record in the lookup and add it when creating the new record

Must be updated in a separate DML operation than an update to the host record

Use any DML statement to carry out the change

Salesforce Object Query Language

Query (REST) and query() (SOAP)

Embed SOQL queries in Apex code and get results - inline SOQL

Wrap in [ ] - returns a list (array)

Allows you to inspect the database and view results

SELECT fields from ObjectName [WHERE Condition]

Must specify every field you want explicitly

Uses fuzzy matching to retrieve accounts with a specific word as condition

WHERE Name LIKE 'SFDC%'

% is wildcard that matches no other character

ORDER BY Operator

Sort returned record set and specify the field the record set should be sorted

Can be field ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC)

Limits the number of records returned

Variables in SOQL

To use a variable in a SOQL expression, use : before it

Ex: WHERE Department = :targetDepartment

Query Related Records

Add inner query for the child records, which will run against the relationship name rather than the SFDC object name

Example:
SELECT Name, (SELECT LastName FROM Contacts) FROM Account

Can access the related records with
acctsWithContacts[0].Contacts

For parent objects, retrieve info with dot (.) notation
ex: carol.Account.Name

Can include SOQL in for loop, used for efficient chunking with calls to the query and queryMore methods of SOAP API

Helps avoid hitting heap size limit

Example:
for (variable(_list): [soql_query]) { code }
The variable must be the same type as sObjects returned by soql_query

If use the variable_list, enables you to work on batches of records and perform DML operations in batch to help avoid reaching governor limits

Salesforce Object Search Language

Search (REST) and search() (SOAP)

Used to perform text searches in records

Can search all objects based on word match, not exact match - searches mostly text fields

Embed queries in Apex - inline SOSL

FIND 'SearchQuery' [IN SearchGroup] [RETURNING ObjectsAndFields]

SearchQuery = text to search for

SearchGroup = scope of fields to search (optional, default all)
1. ALL FIELDS
2. NAME FIELDS
3. EMAIL FIELDS
4. PHONE FIELDS
5. SIDEBAR FIELDS

ObjectsAndFields = information to search and return in the search result (optional, default all)

Text searches are case-insensitive (i.e. matches only letters, not capitalization)

Contains all the records that were inserted in insert or update triggers

Provides the old version of sObjects before they were updated in update triggers, or list of deleted sObjects in delete triggers

Call Class Method from Trigger

Apex_Class.Apex_Method(parameters)

Trigger Exceptions

adError( ) on sObject in question will throw fatal error inside the trigger

Displays error message in the UI

Trigger Callouts

Call out Apex trigger to external Web services

@future(callout=true)

Executes asynchronously

Bulk Apex Trigger

Use a for loop to iterate over all available sObjects

Works if Trigger.New contains one or more sObjects

Execute on batches of 200 records at a time

Parent-to-Child Queries

SELECT Name, (SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Contacts) FROM Account

Child-to-Parent Queries

SELECT FirstName, LastName, Account.Name FROM Contact

Can traverse up to 5 levels up with dot notation

Returns as AggregateResult type

1. AVG()
2. COUNT([FieldName])
3. COUNT_DISTINCT()
4. MIN()
5. MAX()
6. SUM()

Specifies how to relate tables in the query

RIGHT = outer, wants query to return all of the object to the rights (Contact)
SELECT c.FirstName, c.LastName, a.Name FROM Account a
RIGHT JOIN Contact c ON (c.AccountId = a.Id)

LEFT = outer, query to return all objects both inner and outer (any Contacts associated with those Accounts)
SELECT a.Name, c.FirstName, c.LastName
FROM Account a
LEFT JOIN Contact c ON (a.Id = c.AccountId)

Matches zero or more characters at the middle or end of the search term

Matches only one character at the middle or end of the search term

Fields that if used in the WHERE clause, make queries super fast

Makes query selective and index is used instead of full table scan

1. Id
2. Name
3. OwnerId
4. CreatedDate
5. SystemModStamp
6. RecordType
7. Master-Detail Fields
8. Lookup Fields
9. Unique Fields
10. External ID Fields

Displays cost of the query if enabled

Query Best Practices

Avoid

1. Querying for null rows
2. Negative Filter Operators
3. Leading Wildcards
4. Text fields with comparison operators

Creates tokens for each piece of data, which is stored in the search index with a link to the original record

Allow the system to apply advanced features like spell correction, nicknames, lemmatization, synonyms, relevance ranking (by freq, order, and uniqueness)

Salesforce Federated Search

Can make the global search box an external search engine, that searches the external sources

Uses OpenSearch specification, and does not use Salesforce search index

Way for users to search for items stored outside of Salesforce while in Salesforce

Specifies what data to return in SOSL query

1. ObjectTypeName
2. FieldList
3. ORDER BY
4. LIMIT n
5. OFFSET n

FIND {Cloud Kicks} RETURNING Account (Name, Industry ORDER BY Name LIMIT 10 OFFSET 25)

Filter records by certain predefined fields

1. DIVISION
2. DATA CATEGORY
3. NETWORK
4. PRICEBOOK

Suggested Records

Returns list of suggested records with names that match the user's search string

Suggested Articles for Cases

Based on description and text fields, suggests articles for cases

Create groups of words that are treated as synonyms

Promoted Search Terms

Add to articles to help users find them more easily

Order of Execution

1. Upsert
2. Before Triggers
3. Validation Rules
4. Duplicate Rules
5. Saves Record
6. After Triggers
7. Assignment Rules
8. Auto-Response Rules
9. Workflow Rules
10. Lightning Flow
11. Escalation Rules
12. Entitlement Rules
13. DML Operations

Event-Based Communication

Sender broadcasts a message that one or more receivers capture

A change in state that is meaningful in a business process. For example, placement of a purchase order is a meaningful event, because the order fulfillment center expects to receive a notification before processing an order.

API Name ends in __e as suffix

A message that contains data about the event. Also known as an event notification. For example, an event message can be a notification about an order placement containing information about the order.

The publisher of an event message over a channel. For example, an order placement app.

A stream of events on which an event producer sends event messages and event consumers read those messages.

A subscriber to a channel that receives messages from the channel. For example, an order fulfillment app that is notified of new orders.

PushTopic Events

Clients receive messages about changes in Salesforce records based on a predefined query

Where platform events are stored

Restore events from the event bus with API CometD clients

Can specify replay ID as baseline for the retrieved portion of events or all stored events

Contains methods for publishing platform events

Fields for Platform Events

1. Checkbox
2. Date
3. Date/Time
4. Number
5. Text
6. Text Area (Long)

Refers to the position of the event in the event stream

Not guaranteed to be contiguous for consecutive events

Publish After Commit

Platform event published only after a transaction commits successfully

Define this if subscribers rely on data that the publishing transaction commits or if you do not want the event message to be published if the transaction fails

Publish Immediately

Platform event is published when the publish call executes

Select if you want the event message to be published regardless of whether the transaction succeeds or if publisher and subscribers are independent

Publishing Events

Use EventBus.publish()

Use Database DML operations (Database.SaveResult)

Can also create a record in declarative tool such as process builder and make the record type the platform event you want to publish and se the values

Can also use SFDC APIs

Subscribe to Event

Apex trigger used on the event object to subscribe to incoming events

Trigger runs asynchronously and run under Automated Process system user - must explicitly set the OwnerId field

Only support after insert triggers, which run after platform event is published

Can subscribe with declarative tool by creating a process builder when platform event message is received - select platform event, object, and conditions OR in flow with a pause element

Methods in Lightning Web or Aura Component to subscribe to events in the app via component

<lightning:empApi aura:id="empApi"/>

Scalable HTTP-based event routing bus that uses AJAX push technology pattern known as Comet

Implements Bayeux protocol

Used to enable external apps to subscribe to platform events and perform long polling

// Connect to the CometD endpoint
cometd.configure({
url: 'https://<Salesforce_URL>/cometd/48.0/',
requestHeaders: { Authorization: 'OAuth <Session_ID>'}
});

Visualforce Expressions

Any set of literal values, variables, sub-expressions, or operators that can be resolved to a single value

{ ! expression}

Global Variables

Used to access and display system values and resources

{! $GlobalName.fieldName}

1. $Organization
2. $Setup
3. $ObjectType
4. $Action
5. $User

Visualforce Formulas

Supports formulas to manipulate values

Can put the formula as the expression in a Visualforce expression and upon runtime the formula will calculate

Use & to concatenate strings

Fine-Grained Components

Provide more focused functionality

Coarse-Grained Components

Provide significant amount of functionality in a single component

Example: {! Account.contacts} to display related list in table

Visualforce Form

Uses <apex:form> component and <apex:inputField> to create a page and edit data

use <apex:commandButton> with save action to create a new record or save changes to an existing one

Standard List Controller

Use this controller and an iteration component like <apex:pageBlockTable> to display a list of records

recordSetVar attribute set on the same component to iterate through the record collection

Great for basic functionality, but challenging to deliver more dynamic experience

Relies on the server to generate a new page every time you interact with the application

Start using Lightning components for new apps or new features in existing apps. Package these units for subscriber use in both Salesforce Classic and Lightning Experience.

Tools include
1. Environment Hub
2. License Management App
3. Checkout Management App
4. Channel Order App

Apps created are available to all customers (Classic and Lightning), get Lightning Experience readiness, and Lightning Ready certification shows it is verified for Lightning Experience

Start using Lightning components for new implementations. For in-progress implementations, continue using Visualforce.

Deliver a more interactive experience

JavaScript used to create, modify, transform, and animate the UI rather than completely replacing it at a time

window.location

In JavaScript, cannot access in Lightning Experience (includes access to window global object)

Salesforce Command Line Interface (CLI)

Provides quick way to run operations for creating and configuring scratch orgs and deploy components

Lightning Locker

Belong to one namespace are secure from components in a different namespace through Security with Lightning Locker.

Lightning Locker also promotes best practices that improve the supportability of your code by only allowing access to supported APIs and eliminating access to nonpublished framework internals.

Lifecycle Hooks

Provides methods that allow you to "hook" your code up to critical events in a component's lifecycle

1. Created
2. Added to the DOM = connectedCallback()
3. Rendered in the brower
4. Encountering errors
5. Removed from the DOM = disconnectedCallback()

Keyword in JavaScript refers tot he top level of the current context

Used in Javascript to modify the behavior of a property or function

Placed it before the property or function

Example:
@api message;

Single property or function can have only one decorator

Marks a field as public.

Public properties define the API for a component.

An owner component that uses the component in its HTML markup can access the component's public properties.

All public properties are reactive, which means that the framework observes the property for changes.

When the property's value changes, the framework reacts and rerenders the component.

Tells the framework to observe changes to the properties of an object or to the elements of an array.

If a change occurs, the framework rerenders the component.

All fields are reactive.

Gives you an easy way to get and bind data from a Salesforce org.

Nested Components

Can nest components in each other in the HTML

Tile goes in List, and each tile has data and each data has detail

Use conditional rendering with if:true={product}

<c-tile> is rendering for each tile

Child component, dispatches an event to the parent c-todo-app component

Parent component passes a property or invokes a method in the child component

Common implementation that allows a component's elements to live in a "sub tree" of the DOM

Runs Apex tests on your behalf before each major service upgrade

Runs in the current version and next release and compares the test results

Need 75% test coverage before Apex can be deployed

Apex can only be written in Dev or Sandbox, and then must be deployed to Production

Test Method Syntax

@isTest static void testName() {
// code_block
}

Test Class Syntax

@isTest
private class MyTestClass {
@isTest static void myTest() {
// code_block
}
}

A method useful in determining Pass or Fail status of a test case

Collection of Apex test classes that you run together

SFDC records created in test methods are not committed to database - roll back when test finishes execution

Anonymous Block

Apex code that does not get stored in the metadata, but that can be compiled and executed

Used to quickly evaluate Apex on the fly

Lets you delay execution to run Apex classes at a specified time

Ideal for weekly or daily maintenance tasks

Implement Schedulable interface, and execute with System.schedule

Object to query in order to find queued asynchronous jobs

Enables you to submit 100 batch jobs for execution

Any jobs that are submitted for execution are in holding status

Jobs processed first-in first-out in the order that they are submitted

When resources available, system picks up the next job from the top of the Apex flex and moves to batch job queue

Does not take @future jobs

Provides more information about Apex job that has been scheduled

getRecordTypes()

Provides the available record types for a Case for the current user

Elapsed CPU Time

Governor limit that applies to all the code in an Apex transaction

A log that measures data continuously as opposed to measuring data through periodic samples.

Can set up for a specific user

Static Resources

Allows developer to create test records for use in test classes

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