Env. Eng. Exam 2

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How does the Clean Water Act of 1972 (CWA) differ from the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (SDWA)?
a. SDWA has jurisdiction over water quality in rivers, lakes, estuaries, and wetlands, while WA regulates tap water quality
b. CWA regulates flow rates of plumbing fixtures in public facilities, while SDWA regulates tap water quality
C. SDWA regulates flow rates of plumbing fixtures in public facilities, while CWA regulates water quality in surface waters
d. CWA regulates water quality while SDWA regulates water quantity
e. CWA has jurisdiction over water quality in rivers, lakes, estuaries, and wetlands, while SDWA regulates tap water quality
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Terms in this set (23)
How does the Clean Water Act of 1972 (CWA) differ from the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (SDWA)?
a. SDWA has jurisdiction over water quality in rivers, lakes, estuaries, and wetlands, while WA regulates tap water quality
b. CWA regulates flow rates of plumbing fixtures in public facilities, while SDWA regulates tap water quality
C. SDWA regulates flow rates of plumbing fixtures in public facilities, while CWA regulates water quality in surface waters
d. CWA regulates water quality while SDWA regulates water quantity
e. CWA has jurisdiction over water quality in rivers, lakes, estuaries, and wetlands, while SDWA regulates tap water quality
e. CWA has jurisdiction over water quality in rivers, lakes, estuaries, and wetlands, while SDWA regulates tap water quality
What are the units of hydraulic conductivity?
a. Gallons/minute
b. Gallons/ft^2
c. Meters^2
d. Meters/day
e. Gallons/day-ft
d. Meters/day
How many days does a BOD test require?
a. 1
b. 5
c. 3
d. 10
e. 30
b. 5
In 2006, the EPA estimated that 40% of the waters in the US did not meet the water quality standards set for them and that over 2/3 of the population live within 10 miles of these impaired waters. Which is the most significant factor influencing surface water quality to the point that it still does not meet the Clean Water Act's goals of "fishable and swimmable" waters?
a. Discharge from industrial manufacturing
b. Discharge from wastewater treatment plants
c. Runoff from agricultural lands and urban streets
d. Flushing of household chemicals and pharmaceuticals by consumers
e. Drought
c. Runoff from agricultural lands and urban streets
As temperature increases, the solubility of oxygen
a. Increases linearly
b. Decreases
c. Stays the same - no impact
d. Increases exponentially
e. Increase logarithmically
b. Decreases
Eutrophication is accelerated through human activities including runoff from fertilized agricultural lands which stimulates algal growth and degrades water quality. Which two nutrients most often limit algal growth?
a. Phosphorus and nitrogen
b. Phosphorus and potassium
c. Calcium and magnesium
d. Carbon and nitrogen
e. Nitrogen and potassium
a. Phosphorus and nitrogen
7. The slope of the water table in an unconfined aquifer, measured in the direction of the steepest rate of changes, is called the
a. Unsaturated zone
b. Capillary fringe
c. Hydraulic gradient
d. Piezometric surface
e. Specific yield
c. Hydraulic gradient
Describe the critical point with regards to the oxygen sag curve.
a. The highest concentration of dissolved oxygen
b. Equivalent to the BODs level
c. Equivalent to the initial deficit Do
d. The worst conditions with respect to dissolved oxygen
e. Equivalent to the saturated level of dissolved oxygen DOsat
d. The worst conditions with respect to dissolved oxygen
Give an example of a nonpoint source of pollution.
a. Discharge pipes from wastewater treatment plants X
b. Discharge pipes from industries Y
c. Runoff from urban areas
d. Discharges from animal feedlots where the polluted water is collected in networks of pipes or channels and taken to a central point before discharge
e. Discharges from mines where the polluted water is collected in networks of pipes or channels and taken to a central point before discharge X
c. Runoff from urban areas
Which aquifer material has the highest porosity?
a. Gravel
b. Clay
c. Sand
d. Limestone
e. Granite
b. Clay
Which of the following attributes is not used by the EPA to define a substance as hazardous? a. Ignitable b. Corrosive c. Reactive d. Toxic e. Temperaturee. TemperatureEquivalent weight (EW) is calculated as a. Ionic charge multiplied by atomic or molecular weight b. Equivalent to the atomic or molecular weight c. Concentration of a substance multiplied by molecular weight d. Atomic or molecular weight divided by ionic charge e. Equivalent to the ionic charged. Atomic or molecular weight divided by ionic chargeWhich of the following attributes is not treated in accordance with secondary drinking water standards? a. Taste b. Lead c. Odor d. Color e. Hardnessb. LeadWhy must older cities post warnings along shorelines after almost every rain storm? a. The excess rain causes flash floods along the shoreline b. Runoff from streets carries a heavy load of organics, metals, and sediment c. Raw sewage is diverted around combined wastewater treatment plants for direct release d. Excess nutrients leads to eutrophication along the shoreline e. The excess rain causes tidal waves along the shorelinec. Raw sewage is diverted around combined wastewater treatment plants for direct releaseWhich environmental law requires manufacturers to be responsible for the waste they produce from "cradle to grave" (i.e. from generation to disposal)? a. Safe Drinking Water Act b. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act c. Clean Water Act d. Comprehensive Environmental Response and Compensation Liability Act e. National Environmental Policy Actb. Resource Conservation and Recovery ActHow do we measure the concentration of microorganisms in a wastewater treatment plant? a. Volatile suspended solids b. Total suspended solids c. Fixed suspended solids d. Dissolved oxygen e. Turbiditya. Volatile suspended solidsThe equation used to model microbial population growth is known as what? a. Streeter-Phelps Equation b. Bournoulli's Equation c. Monod Equation d. Biochemical Oxygen Demand e. Plug Flow Reactorc. Monod EquationWhat do we use as a measure of substrate in a wastewater treatment system? a. Dissolved oxygen b. Volatile suspended solids c. Turbidity d. BOD e. pHd. BODThe difference between temporary and permanent hardness is that temporary hardness can be removed by a. Sedimentation b. Coagulation c. Heating d. Flocculation e. Fluoridationc. HeatingWhat does secondary treatment remove from the wastewater? a. Suspended solids and greases b. Soluble BOD and additional removal of suspended solids c. Debris (sticks, rags, sand, gravel, toys, etc.) d. Specific pollutants (nutrients) e. Fluorideb. Soluble BOD and additional removal of suspended solidsOne of the most common strategies to reduce environmental impact within buildings is to install low-flow plumbing fixtures to reduce water consumption. Using what you've learned from reading Chapter 5, what do you think would happen to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in terms of BOD when a community switches to low flow plumbing fixtures? a. No impact on BOD b. BOD loading will increase c. BOD loading will decreasea. No impact on BODA municipality has increasing water demand and this demand is nearing the maximum capacity of the water supply. Water use in the municipality is 95% residential. The municipality is evaluating various water conservation approaches. Which of the following approaches would not likely reduce water use in residences? a. Utilizing a tiered water billing rate, where high users pay more. b. Utilizing water metering in all residences. c. Providing a tax rebate to offset the purchase of residential water saving technologies, such as high efficiency appliances or automatic faucets. d. Utilizing a flat billing rate structure for users, where all users pay the same for water regardless of use.d. Utilizing a flat billing rate structure for users, where all users pay the same for water regardless of use.A community of 250 residences is planned to be built 7 miles from an existing centralized wastewater infrastructure. The cost to install piping from the community to the centralized wastewater tie-in is $1.5M per mile. One alternative is to have each residence construct an on-site sand mound which requires a capital cost of $25,000 per residence. Another alternative is to utilize a decentralized treatment system that can handle up to 100,000 gallons per day is proposed for $1.75M. Which following outcome is likely for this new community? a. Tie into the centralized wastewater infrastructure b. Construct an on-site sand mound for each residence c. Install the decentralized treatment system to serve the community d. None of the options provided adequately protect the environment.c. Install the decentralized treatment system to serve the community