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History Test

Terms in this set (67)

Otto Von Bismarck
*Prime minister of Prussia
*Unified Germany
*Iron Chancellor of Germany
German Unification
*1871
*Formal unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state
Franco-Prussian War
1870-1871
German forces occupy northern France until reparations are paid and annex Alsace and Lorraine
Belle Epoque
1871-1914
A period characterized by optimism, peace at home and Europe, new technology and scientific discovery
The White Man's Burden
Poem by Rudyard Kipling
Whites have an obligation to rule and encourage the cultural development of "brown" people
British Raj
The British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858-1947
Cecil Rhodes
A British businessman in South Africa
Founder of the southern African territory of Rhodesia
Bourgeoisie
(Marx)- capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production
Proletariat
Lower class, working class
Apollonian vs. Dionysian
Apollo: god of reason; Apollonian: based on reason and logical thinking
Dionysus: god of chaos; Dionysian: based on irrational thinking and appeals to emotions/instincts
Jewish Question
Karl Marx
Wide ranging debate in European society pertaining to the appropriate status/treatment of Jews in society
Friedrich Engels
German philosopher
Co-authored the communist manifesto with Karl Marx
Belgian Congo
Lead by Leopold II
Colonialism
Cash crop: rubber
Genocide
Dismembered workers as consequences
Second Empire
Reign of Napolean III
1852-1870
France
Third Empire
France (1870-1940)
Parliamentary republican democracy that was created followng the collapse of the Napolean III Empire int he Franco- Prussian War
Propaganda of the Deed
Specific political action meant to be exemplary to other
Primarily associated with acts of left terrorism of the late 19th and early 20th century
Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria Hungary
Assassination if 1914 precipitated Austria Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia
Austria Hungary
Central powers during WWI
Collapsed as a result of defeat in WWI
Lusitania
British Ocean Liner
Torpedoed by German U-boat
With 128 Americans dead, influenced US to declare war
Zimmerman Telegram
1917 diplomatic proposal from Germany asking Mexico to join the alliance with Germany in the event of the US entering WWI against Germany
Intercepted by British
Paul Baumer
All Quiet on the Western Front: narrator, German soldier
Paul's experience represents the German "lost generation" of men during WWI
Kantorek
AQWF: Schoolmaster in PAul's high school who presssures Paul and his peers to enlist in the arm to fullfill their patriotic duty
Himmeltoss
AQWF: Corporal who torments Paul and his peers during training and regrets it after being sent to the front
Katczinsky
AQWF: Paul's best friend in the army
Id
Freud
Anything that makes a being satisfied/happy
Ego
Tells us what we can/ can't do
Superego
conscience
Love and Death Drives
Freud
Freud admits that it may be difficult to accept his view of human nature as being predisposed towards death and destruction, but he reasons that the suppression of this instinct is the true cause behind civilization's need for restrictions
Eternal struggle
Oceanic feeling
Freud
wholeness, limitlessness, eternity
A regression into an earlier state of consciousness before the ego had differentiated itself from the world of objects
Psychosexual deveoplement
Freud
Human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido that develops in five stages: the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the gential
Colonialism
Practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it, and exploiting economically
Colonies were developed to find, gain, and exploit raw materials and harvest crops. Allowed land locked countries to gain much need land an induced the industrial revolution
Treaty of Versailles
the peace settlement signed after WWI between Germany and the Allies
blamed the war on Germany
Big Four
Britain- Lloyd George
France- Clemenceau
Italy- Orlando
US- W. Wilson
14 Points
Statement given by W. Wilson declaring that WWI was being fought for a moral cause and calling for postwar peace in Europe
"Sick Man" of Europe
name given to Ottoman Empire who was experiencing a time of economic difficulty
Young Turks
1908
Modernizes Ottoman Empire but becomes increasingly based on Turkish Nationalism
Arab Revolt
Occurs in Ottoman Empire during WWI
lead by Lawrence of Arabia
Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)
Father of Turkish people
Wants to modernize Turkey
Nicholas II
Last czar of Russia under Romanov rule
Poor handling of Bloody Sunday and Russia's role in WWI led to his abdication and execution
Alexander Kerensky
Russian politician
Provisional government
October Revolution
1917
lead by Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d'etat against the provisional government
the Bolsheviks and their allies occupied government buildings and other strategic locations in Petrograd and soon formed a new government with Lenin as its head
Vladimir Lenin
Founder of the Russian Communist Party
Leader of Bolshevik Revolution
First head of the Soviet state
Russian Civil War
1918-1921
Occurred because many groups had formed who opposed Lenin's Bolsheviks. Groups included monarchists, militarists, and foreign nations. Groups known as the White, Bolsheviks as the Reds
Stalin
Dictator of the USSR
Transformed Soviet Union into an industrial and military superpower
Took power of the Bolshevik party and collectivized farming and had potential enemies executed or sent to forced labor camps
fascism
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
Practiced in Germany and Italy
Mussolini returned to Italy and formed the Fascist Party
Spanish Civil War
1936-1939
Nationalists v. Republicans
Nationalists- monarchists, landowners, employers, Roman Catholic Church, army
Republicans- workers, trade unions, socialists, peasants
Francisco Franco
Led a successful military rebellion to overthrow Spanish democratic republic
named chief of staff of the Spanish Army
Benito Mussolini
created Fascist Party in Italy
Made himself dictator before WWII
Killed by own people in 1945
Weimar Republic
A progressive German government
Democratic, tolerate open society
Triumph of the Will
1935 propaganda film by Leni Riefenstahl
Chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress
Art Nouveau/ Vienna Secession
Found in 1897 by Gustav Klimt, Koloman Moser, Josef Hoffmann and etc
Secession artists objected to the prevailing conservation of the Vienna Kunstlerhaus with its traditional orientation toward Historicism
Hitler as a young man
Artist
Wounded in WWI
Chairman of NSDAP
Stabbed in the back
Germany had serious economic and social problems, political parties blamed each other
Generals pointed to the fact that at the start of their last big push to win the war, they had been successful
This argument was used to persuade people that the German army had been "stabbed in the back" by politicians
Beer Hall Putsch
1923
Hitler and the Nazi Party led a coalition group in an attempted coup d'etat
Failed attempt to overthrow the Weimar govenment
Lehensraum
(living space)
A popular political slogan during the establishment of a unified Germany
Adding living space was believed to strengthen Germany by helping solve internal problems. make it militarily stronger, and help make Germany become economically self- sufficient by adding food and other raw materials
Munich Pact
1938
settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted Germany annexation of the Sudetenland in western Czechoslovakia
Neville Chamberlain
British prime minister as England entered WWII
known for his policy of "appeasement" toward Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany
Axis Powers
Originally Germany, Japan and Italy
Bulgaria, Austria Hungary and Romania joined later
Allied Powers
Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II.
Empire of Japan
A parliamentary constitutional monarchy, empire and world power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan
Non- Aggression Pact
agreement between the Soviet union and Nazi Germany that renounced warfare between the countries
included a secret protocol dividing several eastern European countries between the parties
isolationism
A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries
Participants: China, Japan, US
America First
a group that opposed entry of the US into WWII
non-interventionist pressure group
League of Nations
came into being after the end of WWI
Task was to ensure that war never broke out again
Winston Churchill
prime minster of Britain
led his country from the brink of defeat to victory in WWI
helped lead a successful Allied strategy with President FDR and General Secretary Joseph Stalin during WWII to defeat the Axis Powers and craft post-war peace
Big Three
WWII Allies
Russia- Joseph Stalin
Britain- Winston Churchill
US- FDR
Final Solution
term used by Nazis to describe their program of genocide of the Jewish people
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