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chapter 13 mindtap

Terms in this set (25)

What are the three broad categories of enterprise crime?
corporate executives, green criminals, organized criminals
What kills and injures more people than all street crimes combined?
illegal pollution
What did Edward Alsworth Ross describe a "criminaloid" to be?
the kind of person who hides behind his or her image as a pillar of the community while using any means necessary to expand his or her wealth and status.
How did Edwin Sutherland define white-collar crime?
crimes committed by people of respectable and high social status in the course of their occupation
what is it called when a number of white-collar criminals become involved in a conspiracy to increase market share or profitability of their corporations through such means as antitrust violations, price fixing, and false advertising?
corporate crime
For what reason might prospective white-collar criminals decide to commit crimes?
only 12 percent of white-collar crimes are reported
Describe what makes a white-collar swindle.
a person using their business or position to commit fraud and separate victims from money over a long period of time
What are the two primary types of white-collar swindles?
investment swindles and Ponzi schemes
White-collar chiseling is a popular method of cheating customers, clients, and even businesses by means of deception or deceit. What is an industry that the public always suspects may be chiseling them?
the auto repair industry
senator John Doe is referring rich clientele to Jane Smith, an attorney who specializes in estate law for the wealthy. In return, Jane is providing John with under the table "referral fees" for these clients. What is this an example of?
influence peddling
What are some of the agencies generally used for controlling white-collar crime?
the FBI, the IRS, the EPA, and US Customs
What are some factors that may make it less likely that white-collar criminals spend a significant amount of time in jail?
The lack of a visible victim makes it hard to view them as being a threat
What is "green crime"?
acts involving illegal environmental harm that violate environmental regulations
Beyond the harm caused to chickens due to inhumane conditions, what about chicken farming fits the Harms Perspective?
because of potential harm to the consumer upon the purchasing of a chicken that may be infected with E. Coli (39% to 75%), salmonella (8%), and/or campylobacter (70% to 90%
what are the primary acts of Green Crime discussed in this chapter?
illegal polluting, illegal dumping, illegal fishing, illegal wildlife exports, and illegal logging
How did the organized crime organization known as "the mafia" come to be?
The Mafia began in Sicily around 1860 as a band of mercenaries employed by wealthy landowners to keep their citizenry in line. An offshoot of these gangs moved to the Northeastern United States and began to setup shop
what effect did the passing of prohibition have on organized criminal behavior?
The passing of prohibition caused a huge vacuum to appear in the desires of the American people. It was an opportunity for small local gangs to fill a national void in the supply and demand of alcohol. These gangs quickly grew into national syndicates with rules for peaceful conflict resolution, and professional conduct.
While the Mafia is in decline, transnational organized crime is taking its place. What are the similarities between the two?
There is very little difference between the neighborhood based crime families and the new rise of transnational organized crime; they both provide roughly the same services, commit the same crimes, and operate in similar fashions. The big difference is the scale upon which these thing occur
What are some of the main areas of transnational organized crime?
cultural property trafficking, piracy, human trafficking, migrant smuggling, and organ trafficking
what percentage of people involved in human trafficking of any kind are women? What percentage of sex traffickers are women?
30%
what technological advancements have made transnational crime so easy to achieve?
cellular telephone technology, including smart phones
what steps are being taken globally to combat transnational organized crime?
A variety of organizations have been formed in various countries to help deal with the threat of transnational organized crime, including the Eurasian Organized Crime Working Group, the Central European Working Group, and the Southeast European Cooperative initiative, along with laws being passed to help have harsher punishments for those convicted of transnational criminal behavior.
The eradication of transnational gangs and organizations is extremely difficult. Why is that?
Many gang members are highly trained and carry out operations with military precision. In the event that a gang is taken out, there's always another waiting in the wings
what are the primary reasons somebody might get involved in enterprise crime?
greed and need
What may be a contributing factor in why somebody might succumb to temptation of organized crime?
cultural reasons
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