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Geography 1000 Final

Terms in this set (76)

Because of geography's focus on where things are located and why, the discipline is often called the ___________science.
spacial
After studying the shapes of the continents, fossil records, and rock types all over the world, Alfred Wegener proposed a theory called Continental Drift, that eventually evolved into the theory of _________ _________.
Plate Tectonics
Earth's subsystem that includes the rigid outer part of Earth, including the surface, the crust, and the upper mantle, is the:
lithosphere
Warming of the earth creates more evaporation of water, which leads to more clouds, which in some instances reflect more sunlight. This would be an example of a:
negative feedback
Where does the energy come from to build up Earth's landscapes?
Earth's interior
Where does the energy come from to wear down Earth's surface?
The sun
Which of the following is NOT associated with sedimentary rocks?
extrusion of magma
Which of the following is a common type of extrusive igneous rock?
basalt
Which of the following is a common type of intrusive igneous rock?
granite
Gneiss, schist, and slate are considered:
metamorphic and foliated
Which is true regarding Earth's crust?
Oceanic crust is mostly basalt.
The theory that our earth is made up of lithospheric plates that move around is considered a unifying theory because it generally explains the occurrence and location of all but which of the following?
Population patterns
An example of a divergent plate boundary is a:
continental rift zone
The San Andreas Fault in California is an excellent example of which type of plate boundary?
Transform
Non-volcanic mountains/plateaus occur where:
continental crust collides with continental crust
Which is the largest of the volcanic mountains?
Shield volcanoes
Which is the smallest of the volcanic mountains?
Cinder cones
Fault block mountains like we see throughout the basin and range region of Utah, Nevada and California are created by tension. This type of fault is known as:
normal
A) oceanic fracture zones
transform faults
B) continental shelves
submerged continental crust
C) Plateus
Continental-continental collision
D) submerged ridges and island arcs
oceanic-oceanic collision
E) linear island and seamount chains
hot spot
F) deep ocean trenches
Oceanic-continental collision
G) coastal plain
Passive continental margin
H) mid-ocean ridges
Divergent boundary
I) oceanic plateaus
Under-water flood basalt
J) continents
Granitic rock
divergent boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.
convergent boundary
A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
The main force responsible for mass wasting events, such as debris slides and rock falls, is
gravity
Concerning groundwater, the water table is the top of the zone of _______________.
saturation
For streams with exterior drainage, ultimate base level is ________ ________.
sea level
A permanent stream that begins in a humid region but flows across an arid region and makes it to the sea is a(n) ________ ________.
exotic stream
When the moon and the sun are aligned, such as during new moon or full moon, their combined gravitational pulls create an increased tidal range known as _______ ________.
spring tide
neap tide
the tide with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides
Chemical weathering would be most prevalent where?
The Amazon rainforest
Groundwater constitutes approximately how much of Earth's fresh water storage?
30%
An area drained by a river and all its tributaries is known as a:
drainage baisin
If a stream carries water only during and immediately after a rain, it is classified as ________.
ephemeral
On a meandering stream, maximum erosion takes place along the ________.
outer edge
During the Ice Age when ice was at its greatest extent, how much of Earth's land surface was covered in ice?
30%
How much of Earth's land surface is covered in ice today?
10%
Glaciers need just the right circumstances to form. Which of these would most likely result in glaciation?
ample snowfall and short summers
If all the ice on earth melted, sea level would rise approximately:
250 ft
The single most important force in shaping coastal topography is ________.
wave action
Wind speed, wind duration, and fetch are the three things that determine:
wave height
An example of a submergent coastline would be:
Chesapeake Bay
An emergent coastline would most likely be located where?
On a coastline that is a plate boundary
The earth is tilted ________ degrees on it's axis.
23.5
As water changes state, it either stores or releases a type of energy called ______ heat.
latent
The temperature at which air will become saturated is known as the _________ _________.
dew point
The most accurate way to express the absolute location of St. George, Utah is:
37.09°, -113.57°
The technology that can store and display many combinations of mapped data layers is called:
GIS
The layer of Earth's atmosphere that contains the ozone layer and warms with increased altitude is the:
stratosphere
The auroras (northern and southern lights) occur in which atmospheric thermal layer?
thermosphere
On December 21, the Sun's rays are directly overhead over the ________.
tropic of capricorn
Almost all terrestrial radiation can be considered to be ________ and almost all solar radiation can be considered to be ________.
longwave, shortwave
The most basic factor causing the distribution of hot and cold temperatures over Earth's surface is ________.
latitude
Coriolis effect exists because
Earth rotates
Water is a unique substance for many reasons, including:
It exists in all three states at normal earth temperatures.
Which of the following would cause relative humidity to rise in a parcel of air:
The air is cooling
Two cities are located at the same elevation on each side of a mountain. City A, on the windward side, is near the coast. City B, on the leeward side, would most likely be ___________ than City A.
warmer and drier
A
polar high
B
polar easterlies
C
sub-polar low
D
westerlies
E
subtropical high
F
easterly trade winds
prolonged summer rain in the southwest
mT
summer drought in the Plains states
cT
nor'easter in the Northeast
mP
cold conditions throughout most of the country
cP
extreme cold wind chills in Canada and the upper Midwest
A
hot, muggy conditions in the South
mT
drizzle in the Northwest
mP
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