LAST KEY TERMS BBYYYYY

Double Jeopardy
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 20
Terms in this set (20)
Double Jeopardy
Means a person may not be tried twice for the same crime. Fifth Amendment states that no person shall be "twice put in jeopardy of life and limb."
Alien
Person who loves a country where he or she is not a citizen
Resident Alien
Person from forgein country who has established permanent residence in the United States - may stay in the U.S. as long as they wish without becoming American citizens
Non-Resident Alien
Person from a forgien country who expects to stay in the U.S. for a short, specific period of time. Ex: forein journalist who comes to report on a Presidential Election
Enemy Alien
Citizen of a nation with which the United States is at war - entitled to full protection of lives and property
Illegal Alien
Person who comes to the United States without a legal permit (passport, visa, entry permit) - most enter illegally by crossing U.S. borders
Jim Crow Laws
Most often in Souhtenr states, required racial segregation in such places as schools, public transportation, and hotels
Affirmative Action
Refers to government policies that directly or indirectly award jobs, government contracts, promotions, admission to schools and training programs, and other benefits to minorities and women in order to make up for past discrination caused by society as a whole
Exclusionary Rule:
Any illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in a federal court
Naturalization
Legal process by which a person is granted the rights and privileges of a citizen
Jus SoliLatin phrase that means "law of the soil" - grants citizenship to nearly all people born in the U.S. or in American territoriesDiscriminationDiscriminationExists when people are treated unfairly because of their race, gender, ethnic group, age, physical disability or religionTranscriptSummary record of the meeting must be givenSelf-incriminatioFifth Amendment says that no one "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself" protection against self incrimination. Fifth Amendments also protects defendants against confessions extorted by force or violence.AmnestyA pardon extended by the government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offensePrivate Lawdeals with situations between private individuals, legal persons (companies) or groups. part of a civil law legal systemCivil Rights Movementmass protest movement against racial segregation and discrimination in the southern United States that came to national prominence during the mid-1950s. (This movement had its roots in the centuries-long efforts of enslaved Africans and their descendants to resist racial oppression and abolish the institution of slavery.)Rational Basis testA test used to determine whether a law or governmental regulation or action violates the equal protection clause. For example, laws that affect persons on account of their race, a "suspect class," are subject to strict scrutiny and must be justified by the government with a compelling reason.separate but equal doctrinethe doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilitiessecurity classification systemthe provision that information on government activities related to national security and foreign policy may be kept secret