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Psychological Disorders
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Terms in this set (24)
biomedical vs biopsychosocial approach
interventions thinly physical/ medical causes of psychological disorder (genetics or unhealthy diet) vs contributions of biological, psychological, and social components to a disorder
psychotic disorder
present one or more of the following symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, disorganized behavior, catatonia, and negative symptoms.
psychotic symptoms
positive symptoms: Adds: included delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior
negative symptoms: Take away: include disturbance of affect and avolition
delusions of reference, persecution, grandeur (delusions)
thought broadcasting, thought withdrawal, thought insertion
catatonia, echolalia, echopraxia (disorganized behavior)
r: belief the common elements in the environment are directed toward the individual
p: belief that person is being interfered with; plotted against
g: person is remarkable in some significant way
tb: one's thoughts are broadcast to external world
tw: thoughts are removed from one's head
ti: thoughts are being placed in one's head
c: motor behaviors w/schizophrenia
echol: repeating another's words
echop: imitating another's actions
affect, blunting, emotional fattening, avolition
affect: disruption to experience and display of emotions
symptoms: blunting- reduction in intensity of affect expression; flattening- virtually no emotional expression
avolition: decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-direct actions
schizophrenia
split mind from reality: phases
prodromal: social withdraw, role functioning adjustment, affect and unusual experiences
active: symptoms are intense
residual/recovery: active episode and gave clarity that leads to depression and aware of behavior
Depressive symptoms
sadness + SIG E CAPS
sadness
sleep: insomnia or hypersomnia
interest: loss of interest/pleasure = anhedonia
guilt: or worthlessness
energy loss
concentration: decrease
appetite:
psychomotor: retardation/agitation slow movements
suicidal thoughts
depressive disorders
Major depressive: at least 1 major depressive episode of 5/9 symptoms are encountered for a 2 week period
persistent depressive: dysthymia: symptoms for 2 yrs
disruptive mood: recurrent emotional irritability (kids)
seasonal affective (SAD): dark winter months to be the source. postpartum depression is rapid change in hormone levels/ abnormal melatonin metabolism and treated with bright light therapy
Bipolar symptoms and episodes
DIG FAST and depressive symptoms
distractibility
irresponsibility: risk activities / no future concerns
grandiosity: increases self-esteem
flight of thoughts
activity/agitation: increase goal-oriented work
sleep: decrease
talkative
manic: 3/7 present for at least 7 days
hypomanic: 3/7 present for at least 4 days
bipolar and related disorders
bipolar I: 1 manic episode
bipolar II: 1 major depressive episode and 1 hypomanic episode
cyclothymic: periods of manic/depressive symptoms not sever to be tabled an episode but persist for 2yrs.
anxiety disorders
specific phobias
separation anxiety disorder: fear of being separated
social anxiety disorder: perceived negatively by others
selective mutism: social anxiety and inability to speak
panic disorder: sympathetic NS w/ no clear stimulus
agoraphobia: fear in places/situations where its hard to escape
generalized anxiety disorder: persistent worry abt many different things for a least 6 months
obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
OCD: obsession raise individuals stress and compulsions (task) relieve the stress
body dysmorphic disorder: unrealistic negative evaluation of one's body. extreme measure to correct
hoarding disorder: reluctance of giving up one's physical possessions
Trauma and stressor-related symptoms and disorder
behaviorist perspective PTSD-1month of symptoms
intrusion: recurrent reliving event, flashback, distress
arousal: increase startle response
avoidance: of memories, people, associate w/ trauma
negative cognitive: inability to recall key features of event, negative emotions, negative view of world
acute stress disorder: symptoms for more than 3 days
Dissociative Disorders
dissociated amnesia: inability to recall info w.o neurological disorder dissociative fugue: a sudden change of location and assumption of new identity
dissociative identity: occurrence of 2 or more personalities
depersonalization/derealization: feelings of detachment from self and body (person) or from environment (real)
Somatic symptoms and related disorder
bodily symptoms that cause signif. stress/impairment
somatic symptom: 1 somatic symptom which may or may not be link to underlying medical condition
illness anxiety: preoccupation w/ thoughts abt having a medical condition
conversion: unexplained symptoms affecting motor/ sensory function & is associated w/ prior trauma
la belle indifference: unconcerned by the symptom
Personality disorders symptoms and Custer groups
behavior that is inflexible and maladaptive
ego-syntonic: perceives their behavior as normal
ego-dystonic: perceives their behavior is bothersome
Cluster A: odd and eccentric
Cluster B: dramatic, emotional erratic)
Cluster C: anxious, fearful
Cluster A
paranoid PD: pervasive distrust and suspicion of others
schizotypal: ideas of referent, magical thinking, eccentricity
schizoid: detachment from social relationship/limited emotion
Cluster B
antisocial: disregard for the rights of others
borderline: instability in relationship, mood, self-image
splitting (all good or all bad) recurrent suicide attempts
histrionic: constant attention-seeking behavior
narcissistic: grandiose sense of self-importance
Cluster C
avoidant: extreme shyness and fear of rejection
dependent: continuous need for reassurance
obsessive-compulsive: perfectionism, preoccupation with rules
psychotic disorders
lesser degree of schizophrenia
delusion disorder: delusions and present for 1 month
brief psychotic: psychotic symptoms 1day-1month
schizophreniform: schizophrenia for 1 month
schizoaffective: major depressive/manic episodes and psychotic symptoms
medications that depress nerve function
neuroleptic / antipsychotics
Schizophrenia causes and depressive / bipolar disorders
S: excess dopamine
d: high levels of glucocorticoids, and low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
B: high levels of norpinephrine and serotonin (t)
causes of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
A:decrease in acetylcholine/ senile plaques of B-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles
P: decrease dopamine production in substantial nigra.
Parkinson symptoms
Bradykinesia: slowness in movement
Resting tremor: tremor when muscle not in use
Pill rolling tremor: flexing fingers, thumb rolling
Masklike facies: open mouth, staring eyes, expressionless face
Cogwheel rigidity: muscle tension that halts movement
Shuffling gait: stooped posture
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