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Social studies midterm

Terms in this set (91)

Angel falls in Venezuela
What is the tallest waterfall in the world, and in what country will you find it?
Sahara
A huge desert stretching across most of North Africa
Vatican City
Smallest country in the world
The Nile River in Africa
What is the name of the world's largest river and where is it located?
Mt. Everest
What is the world's highest mountain?
Russia
What is the largest country in the world?
Asia
What is the largest continent?
Tiber and Po Rivers
Rivers important to Rome
Alps and Apennines
Two mountain ranges of Italy
Important cities In the Holy Land
Nazareth, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Petra
Bodies of water important to the holy lands
Mediterranean, Sea of Galilee, Dead Sea, Jordan R
Constantine
Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)
Nero
First Roman emperor to persecute Christians
Augustine
(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great fathers of the early Christian church
Census
population count
Pax Romana
Roman Peace
Pentecost
Birthday of the Church
Old Testament
The forty-six books that make up the first part of the Bible and record salvation history before the coming of the Savior, Jesus Christ.
New Testament
The second part of the Christian Bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers
Colosseum
A large stadium in ancient Rome where athletic events took place
Christogram
three initial letters (chi-rho-iota) of Christ's name in Greek, which came to serve as a monogram for Christ
Islamic bodies of water
Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Red Sea, Persian gulf, Arabian Sea
Islamic rivers
Nile, Euphrates, Tigris
Islamic cities
Medina, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Baghdad, Petra
The five pillars
The basic tenets of Islam: Allah is the only god and Muhammad is his prophet; pray to Allah five times a day facing Mecca; fast during the month of Ramadan; pay alms for the relief of the weak and the poor; take a hajj to Mecca
Polytheism
Belief in many gods
Monotheism
Belief in one God
Islam
Submission to the will of Allah
Mecca
Holy city of Islam
Kaaba
The most sacred temple of Islam, located at Mecca
Allah
God of Islam
Quran
The holy book of Islam
Pilgrimage
A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes
Hijra
Muhammad's move to Medina. Start of the Islamic calendar (632 CE)
Three Abrahamic religions
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Abbasid dynasty
From 750-1258 this was the 3rd dyansty of the Islamic Caliphate. They built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate.
Umayyad Dynasty
An Islamic Dynasty based on succession rather than election following the first period of caliphates. Continued advances in the kingdom, venturing as far as China in the East. Fell apart in 750 CE due to internal tensions.
Great Wall of China
world's longest man made structure built to keep invaders from the north out of China, started by the Qin Dynasty, expanded by the Han Dynasty,
The grand canal
A canal linking northern and southern China
Agrarian
having to do with farming
Monsoon
A seasonal wind.
Tributaries
smaller streams and rivers that flow into a main river
latidude
imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator
Hemisphere
half of the earth
Topography
the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
Plateau
an area of high, flat land
Sedentary
sitting
Cultivation
The preparation of land to grow and yield crops.
Arable
suitable for growing crops
Pastoral nomads
groups of herders who move with their animals from place to place in search of pasture and water
Silk Road
Caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran.
Lowss
Silt
Confucianism
a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.
Daosim
a Chinese philosophy concerned with obtaining long life and living in harmony with nature
Buddhism
A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.
Sui dynasty
The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China
Tang Dynasty
dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 AD; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria
Song Dynasty
(960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.
Yuan Dynasty
Dynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song (1279-1368)
Ming Dynasty
Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.
Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
Minority Manchu rule over China that incorporated new territories, experienced substantial population growth, and sustained significant economic growth. The
Wendi
First emperor of the Sui dynasty
Lao tse
Founder of Taoism
Confucius
Founder of Confucianism
Siddhartha Gautama
The prince who is said to have founded Buddhism.
Empress wu
the only woman to rule China in her own name, expanded the empire and supported Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty.
Genghis Khan
founder of the Mongol empire; born Temujin
Ogadi Khan
Son of genius khan
Kublai Khan
Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China
Marco polo
Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China.
Zhu Yuanzhang
The given name of the Hongwu emperor, the founder of the Ming dynasty
Yongle
Chinese Ming emperor who pushed foreign exploration and promoted cultural achievements
Zheng He
(1371-1433?) Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death
Mandate of Heaven
in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority
Years of disunion
A period of China where there was no ruler
reunification
the process of becoming unified again
Persecution
mistreatment or punishment of a group of people because of their beliefs
Golden Age
A time in a culture of high achievement in arts, literature, and science. Generally occurs in times of peace.
agriculture
farming
Irrigation
A way of supplying water to an area of land
Terraced Rice Fields
Found in mountainous areas, made to harvest rice
Neo-Confucianism
term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism
Scholar officials
elite, educated members of the government during the Song period in China
Bureaucracy
A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials
Civil service exam
a test given to qualify candidates for positions in the government
Meritocracy
a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement
Tribes
separate family groups
Clan
a group of related families
Khan
A Mongol ruler
Khanate
one of several separate territories into which Genghis Khan's empire was split, each under the rule of one of his sons
Mongol ascendency
the period in which the Mongols controlled all of Central Asia, making overland trade and travel safe
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