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FINAL: Social Studies

Terms in this set (35)

Peninsula
body of lands with water on all three sides
Tyrant
person who takes power by force and rules with total authority
Colony
settlement in the new territory to keep close ties to homeland
Oligrachy
a goverment; small group of people that held power. mostly weathly people
Polis
the early grekk city-state
Democracy
all citizens share in running the goverment
Agora
an open area below the acropolis this happened in the early greek city states
Helot
what Spartans called there captive workers
Direct Democracy
system of goverment in which people gather at mass meetings to decide on goverment matters
Philosopher
a thinker who seeks wisdom and ponders questions about life
Who were the first to arrive in Greece?
The Minoans
Two reasons the Mycenaean civilization collapsed
Earthquakes, fighting among the kingdoms
What did the Mycenaeans copy from the Minoans?
navigation by the suns and stars
Who were Greek citizens?
they were free nation, born men who owned their own pieces of land
Solon: liked by both rich and poor
they all liked him because he cancelled all the farmers debts and freed those who had become slaves. He also allowed all male citizens to participate in the assembly and law courts. 400 wealthly citizens wrote laws, at the assembly they were passed to them.
Compare and contrast: Spartan boys vs. Athenian boys
Spartan boys at the age of 7 left their homes to live in barraks. At 20 they became part of the regular army and at 30 they returned home but stayed in the army until the age of 60. Athenian boys were taught how to read, write, and how to play sports.
2 pros & cons of Sparta's goal of military strength.
Disadvantages: Spartans fell behind other greeks in trade. they knew less about science and other subjects.
Advantages: They succeded in keeping control over the helots for over 250 years. Their soilders were especially strong and swift. They would play a key role in defending greece.
Who was Cyrus? What land did he conquer?
he was a remarkable leader who managed to unite the persians into a powerful kingdom. the lands he conquered were Egypt, Western India, and Thrace
Who was Darius? How did he change the government?
Darius reorganized the goverment when he came to the throne to make it better. He divided the empire in satrapies and each was ruled by one of his own satrapies
Battle of Thermopylae
Thermopylae was a narrow pass through the mountains and that was easy to defend. About 7,000 greek soilders held off the Persians there for two days.
3 Causes of the Persian empire failure?
Rulers after Xexas raised the taxes and used that money on luxeries for the loyal court. The high taxes angered the subjects and caused many rebellians. Persian Kings of the sons had little power an constantly plotting to take over the throne
The Delian League: It's purpose and final outcome.
Persians.
A union between Athens and other city-states to defend its members against the persians. Sparta did not join the Delian League.
Roles of Men vs. women
Men: were always in the army, hunting, or working by doing outside jobs and hard labor
Women: would stay home cook and clean and take care of the children. They also had to teach there own kids.
Sophist
a professional teacher in anicent greece; believed that people should use their knowledge to improve themselves and developed the art of public speaking and debate
Hellenistic Era
period when the greek language and greek ideas spread to the non-greek peoples of southwest asia
Myth
traditional story describing gods or heros or explaining natural events
philosophy
study of nature and meaning of life; comes from the greek word for "love of wisdom"
Socratic Method
way of teaching developed by Socrates that used a question- and - answer format to force students to use their own reason to see things for themselves
What is significant about Alexander's claim at Persepolis? What did he do with this claim?
he asked for 120,000 pieces of gold. All the gold was worth 60 billion dollars today....He claims 120,000 talons of gold. About 60 billion dollars in today's money. This made him possibly the richest man ever. He gives most of it to the generals and soldiers that have traveled with him from Macedonia
After his first battle with Darius whom does Alexander take pity on and chooses to help?
His mother, wife and children
How does this person become important to him?
The person becomes most important to him because he wanted to give the empire to the strongest yet, he never got a chance to answer who he thought was the strongest....She becomes one of his most faithful followers. She is with him until he dies.
Besides the Iliad what other famous play did Homer write? What was it about?
The Odyssey. It is about Odysseus' journey back home after the Trojan War.
Alexander kept a copy of ______________ under his pillow.
The Iliad
Who was sentenced to death for his teachings?
Socrates
What did Greeks express through their mythology?
they expressed their religious beliefs
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