AP Euro - Unit 10: Imperialism and the Great War (Terms)

imperialism
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Terms in this set (30)
imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
New Imperialism
term for the late 19th and early 20th century wave of conquests by European powers, the United States, and Japan to create vast political empires abroad, which were followed by the development and exploitation of the newly conquered territories.
Sepoy Rebellion
revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 against certain practices that violated religious customs; also known as the Sepoy Mutiny leading to more direct British control of India (British Raj)
protectorates
a country that is technically independent but is actually under the control of another country
spheres of influences
a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
"civilizing mission"/ "The White Man's Burden"
political rationale for military intervention and for colonization supposedly to facilitate the modernization and the Westernization of indigenous peoples alleging that it was the duty of white colonizers to manage the affairs of the less developed nonwhite peoples.
"Scramble for Africa"
sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the late 19th century; Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts.
Battle of Omdurman
British victory over Sudan in 1898 led by a mixed force of British and Egyptian troops armed with rapid-firing rifles and machine guns.
indirect rule
British and other colonial procedures through which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status to carry out colonial rule
concentration camps
detention center for civilians considered enemies of the state
apartheidsocial policy or racial segregation involving political, economic and legal discrimination against non-whites.Boxer Rebellion1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils"; rebellion was ended by a coalition of foreign troops."gunboat diplomacy"use or threat of military force to coerce a government into economic or political agreements.Evangelicalismtrend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion, repentance of sin, and adherence to scripture; it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual and the need to convert others.jingoismextreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policyTriple Alliance (prewar)alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to the Great War.Triple Entente (prewar)alliance among Britain, France, and Russia at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to the Great War.mobilizationthe process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for warSchlieffen PlanGermany's military plan to deal with a two-fronted war; German troops would rapidly (6 weeks) defeat France by moving through Belgium and then move east to attack Russia.Allies (WWI)Great Britain, France, and Russia, later joined by the USCentral PowersGermany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman EmpireProvisional Government (Russia)temporary government created by the Duma after the abdication of the czar; it made the decision to remain in the Great War, costing it the support of the soviets and the people.Red Russiansthose who favored Communists in the Russian Civil WarWhite Russiansopponents of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War and supported the tsarist regime or a more democratic government.Treaty of Brest-Litovsktreaty between Russia and Germany that would end Russia's involvement in the Great War in 1917 in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans.Fourteen Pointswar aims outlined by U.S. president Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.Treaty of Versaillestreaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of the Great War that blamed Germany for the war and demanded exorbitant and harsh reparations from the Germans.mandatesnation governed by another nation on behalf of the League of NationsLeague of Nationsworld organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League; essentially powerlesswar guilt clauseclause of treaty of Versailles; declared Germany and Austria responsible for the Great War; ordered Germany to pay reparation to Britain and France.