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AP Euro - Unit 12: The Long Peace (Terms)

Terms in this set (21)

Cold War
conflict that was between the U.S. and the Soviet Union though each nation never directly confronted each other on the battlefield; deadly threats went on for years in a ideological war of ideas: capitalism (United States) vs. communism (Soviet Union); waged by political and economic means.
iron curtain
political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region,
containment
U.S. foreign policy in the late 1940s, in which the U.S. tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances.
Truman Doctrine
U.S. President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey.
Marshall Plan
plan for aiding the European nations in economic recovery after World War II by offering $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe in order to stabilize and rebuild their countries and prevent the spread of communism.
Cominform
Soviet organization establish by the Communist parties of nine European countries for mutual advice and coordinated activity whose purpose was to denounce Marshall Plan aid.
Berlin Blockade/Airlift
Berlin was blocked off by the Soviet Union in order to strangle the Allied forces. In order to combat this, the United States and allies began to airlift supplies into Berlin for 11 months.
NATO/Warsaw Pact
NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization-Alliance formed by democratic Western nations as and attempt to contain communism.
Warsaw Pact - Soviets feel threatened and forms a communist alliance.
Sputnik
first artificial Earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space.
Berlin Wall
A fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens from traveling to the West. Its demolition in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War; wall was both a deterrent to individuals trying to escape and a symbol of repression to the free world.
Brezhnev Doctrine
Soviet policy proclaimed in 1968 that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever it determined there was a need.
détente
easing of Cold War tensions between the US and Soviet Union.
decolonization
collapse of colonial empires between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence.
perestroika
policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society
glasnost
policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West, and a relaxing of restraints on Soviet citizenry.
ethnic cleansing
the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic group in a society in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.
radical Islamism
extremist perspective often associated with those seeking to purge secular foreign elements from Muslim society and establish a "pure" Islamic state based strictly on the sharia (Islamic law)
jihad
holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal
homogeneous
of the same kind; alike
Euro (€)
the official currency in 19 of 28 member states within the European Union (EU).
European Union (EU)
an economic association established in 1957 by a number of Western European countries to promote free trade among its members.
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