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Intro to Development Research

Terms in this set (25)

Effortful attention
voluntary control of one's emotions and thoughts

ability to pick up all the toys w/o getting distracted and playing part way through
Nativist
believe infants born with innate programs for object, animal, face recognition, etc.
Empiricist
believe infants born with ability to learn a lot quickly, but not pre-programmed like nativists claim
Aristotle
"It would seem ... that a study of individual character is the best way of making education perfect, for then each [child] has a better chance of receiving the treatment that suits him."
John Locke
"a tabula rasa, whose development largely reflects the nurture provided by the child's parents and the broader society."

Blank Slate

(an empiricist)
John Locke
"authority should be relaxed as fast as their age, discretion, and good behavior could allow it.... The sooner you treat him as a man, the sooner he will begin to be one."
Rosseau
parents and society should give children maximum freedom from an extremely early age.
Plato
Believed children born with innate knowledge

i.e. "animal"

nativist
Scarr
Lamont is highly engaged in school and maintains a positive attitude. On the other hand, Lamont's younger sister, Raquel, is prone to fighting at school and her grades are poor. That Lamont and Raquel are so different despite growing up in the same family provides support for the theories of _____.
Factors of Scarr Theory that can lead children from a single family (as well as children from different families) to turn out very different from one another:
1.Genetic differences
2.Differences in treatment by parents and others
3.Differences in reactions to similar experiences
4.Different choices of environments
Stage Theorist
believes that when children enter a new developmental stage, they are making a sudden shift from one coherent way of experiencing the world to a new coherent way of experiencing it.

(discontinuous development like Caterpillar>butterfly)
Crib Speech
When toddlers talk to themselves when no one else is even around / alone in their room.

demonstrates children's innate shear joy for language

probably helps them with their speech
Cross-Sectional
A research design compares subjects of different ages on a given behavior or characteristic over a short period.
The basic assumption of the scientific method
All beliefs, no matter how probable they seem and no matter how many people share them, may be wrong.
4 Basic steps of scientific method
1.Choosing a question to be answered
2.Formulating a hypothesis regarding the question
3.Developing a method for testing the hypothesis
4.Using the resulting data to draw a conclusion regarding the hypothesis
Hypothesis
testable predictions of the presence or absence of phenomena or relations rather than as truth.
Internal Validity
refers to whether effects of observed within experiments can be attributed with confidence to the factor that the researcher is testing.
qualities that good measures must possess
relevant
reliable
valid
inter-rater reliability
measure of agreement among observers on how they record and classify a particular event
external validity
the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people
internal validity
extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study
Three contexts in which researchers study children
interview
naturalistic observation
structured observation
The concept of the "active child" refers to
How children contribute to their own development.
Fairuza is studying peer rejection among middle-school students. Fairuza's FIRST step in designing her research would be to
pose a testable research prediction on peer rejection among middle-school students.
Imagine that June is studying the acquisition of language in children. What would be June's FIRST step in designing her research study?
To pose a testable research prediction on the way language is acquired in children
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