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Elements Of Biology Study Guide #2

Terms in this set (46)

The first stage of cellular respiration is called_____________, takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and needs no oxygen to occur.
Glycosis
Electrons possess energy of position, also known as _____________ energy.
Poential
Reactions that tend to go on their own, releasing energy, are called:
Exergonic
Enzymes are catalysts because they operate to:
Lower activation energy
Objects that are moving are said to possess:
Kinetic energy
The First Law of Thermodynamics states:
That energy can be changed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed
Oxidation and reduction reactions always take place together.
True
The full range of energy in sunlight can best be described as:
Electromagnetic radiation
Light energy arrives at earth in little packets called:
Photons
Which wavelength of light is the shortest?
Gamma rays
Which of the following is not present during the Calvin cycle?
O2
The production of ATP in photosynthesis is called:
Photophosphorylation
The substrates for photosynthesis are:
Water and carbon dioxide
The main products of photosynthesis are:
Glucose and oxygen
A pigment appears red if it absorbs red light.
False
Plants do photosynthesis only and animals do cellular respiration only.
False
In the process of glycolysis, glucose is cleaved into a pair of three-carbon ________ molecules.
Pyruvate
Cellular respiration:
Oxidizes glucose & reduces oxygen
Which of these is an electron carrier molecule?
NAD+
Electrons generated from the Krebs cycle go next to the:
Electron transport chain
Under what environmental conditions do yeast carry out fermentation?
Absence of oxygen
How many net ATP are made in glycolysis?
2
Molecules capable of absorbing lots of light are ________________.
Pigments
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum visible to the human eye is known as ___________.
Visible light
The study of energy is called ______________.
Thermodynamics
A ball sitting on a table top has __________ energy because of its position.
Potential
If a ball begins to roll down an incline, its ________ energy is converted into _______ energy.
Potential; kinetic
A measure of the degree of disorder in a system is called ___________.
Entropy
List and explain 4 uses for ATP in a cell.
Provide energy for metabolism, active transport, breakdown of food, muscle contraction
Which stage of cell respiration makes the majority of ATP?
Electron transport chain
Plants do photosynthesis only and animals do cellular respiration only.
False
The full range of energy in sunlight can best be described as:
Electromagnetic radiation
The fluid portion of the chloroplast is called the:
Stroma
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration intimately related?
Photosynthesis produces the glucose that is used for cellular respiration to produce energy
Which of the following does not do photosynthesis?
Roots of plants
The energy to power the Calvin cycle comes from:
Light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
One turn of the Calvin cycle produces:
Glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate
Enzymes are catalysts because they operate to:
Lower activation energy
The site on the surface of a reactant where it binds to the enzyme is called the:
Binding site
ATP is composed of a sugar, the organic base adenine, and:
3 phosphate groups
All of the following are correct about energy except:
A boulder perched on a hill has kinetic energy.
Which is incorrect about enzymes?
A noncompetitive inhibitor of enzymes interferes with the active site of the enzyme.
Depending on your body's needs, acetyl-CoA is either directed into the Krebs cycle or:
Channeled into fat synthesis
What is produced when wine is made?
CO2, ATP and ethyl alcohol
Which is incorrect about anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration consumes a small amount of oxygen.
What is the main advantage of fermentation over aerobic cellular respiration?
Fermentation generates ATP even if O2 is not present.
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