SS "Quest"

demesnethe lord's land worked by a serftitheproduce paid towards the churchNobileswealthy landownersNoblewomenmanaged households, were expected to bear children, and sometimes played role in politicsPagearound 7 years old, boys went to the castle of their father's lord to learn to ride and fightSquireat 14 years old he became a servant to the knight and continued learning fighting skillsshirescountieschancerywriting officewritsroyal lettersDomesday Booksurvey of population and propertyexchequerpermanent royal treasury "chessboard"common lawlaws common to the whole kingdomMagna Carta"great charter" of feudal liberties that limited government practicesIle-de-Francethe land around ParisEstates-Generalthe first French ParlementReconquistaweakening of Muslim power and beginning of Christian reconquestRepartimientodistribution of houses, land, and property in countrysideMudejaresMuslims who were not expelled or killed and instead succumbed to Christian ruleFuerosprivileges that guaranteed rule in accordance with the law for most communitiescounts of Champagnedevised a series of six annual fairs that became the largest commercial marketplace in western Europecommercial capitalisman economic system which people invest in trade and goods in order to make profitsBourgeoisiethe merchants of boroughs and burghscommuneswere associations formed by townspeople to gain privilegesconsulscity councilors who enacted legislation and served a judges and city magistratespatricianswealthiest and powerful familiesmayorexecutive officer of a townguildswere associations or groups of craftsmenapprenticea person who wanted to learn a craftcannona weapon that shot projectiles with the use of gunpowderAlfred the Great,king of Wessex, defeated the Danish armyWilliam of Normandyclaimed English throne in 1066Henry IIcreated the Plantagenet dynastyThomas a Becketopposed Henry II - was murderedKing Johnoverthrew Henry II and created the Magna CartaEdward Iwas a talented and powerful monarch who united all the British Isles into a single kingdom - created the English ParliamentHugh Capetcreated the Capetian dynasty - not as rich as more famous dynastiesPhilip IIwaged war against King John of England and claimed Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and TouraineLouis IXdominated France in the thirteenth century, was canonized as a saint of the church, and played a role in two of the later CrusadesPhilip the Fair (Philip the IV)created Estates-General, the first french ParlementRodrigo Diaz de Vivarfought and carved out kingdom ValenciaAlfonso VIII of Castileconquered the MuslimsAlfonso Xcalled himself "King of Three Religions"Conrad IIcreated Salian dynastyFrederick Iwas known as Barbarossa to the Italians (Red beard) - powerful lord from the Swabian house of Hohenstaufen - called his empire the "Holy Roman Empire"Frederick IIwas the King of Sicily and GermanyEmperor Alexis Comnenusof Byzantium requested aid from Pope Urban II during CrusadesPeter the Hermitled the Popular CrusadeBernard of Clairvauxthe second crusade was inspired by the powerful preaching ofSalah al-din Yusul (Saladin)conquered large portions of the crusader states including JerusalemInnocent IIIthe most powerful medieval popeEdward III of Francedeclared war on Philip VI of GasconyEdward IVwas the prince of Wales (the Black Prince)Henry Vrenewed the Hundred Years' War in 1415Joan of Arc "maid of Orleans"changed the course of war in favor of the French