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Terms in this set (13)
ALL MATTER THAT IS SEEN OR NOT SEEN IS COMPOSED OF ONE OR MANY ELEMENTS. THIS IS WHETHER THIS MATTER IS LIVING OR NON-LIVING ( LIKE A DESK). AN ELEMENT CANNOT BE MADE INTO ANOTHER ELEMENT OR SUBSTANCE BY ORDINARYCHEMICALMEANS. THERE ARE 92 ELEMENTS FOUND IN NATURE. FOUR OF THESE MAKE UP 96% OF MOST ORGANISMS' BODY WEIGHT: C, H, O, N
ATOMIC MASS REFERS TO THE SUM OF THE PROTONS AND THE NEUTRONS. LOOK AT THE PERIODIC TABLE: WHAT IS THE ATOMIC MASS OF NITROGEN (N)? IT IS 14.01THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF AN ELEMENT IS EQUAL TO THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN ITS NUCLEUS. Ex. WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF SODIUM (Na)? IT IS 11. THE ELEMENTS ARE REPRESENTED BY 1 OR 2 LETTERS ( THE FIRST CAPITALIZED ONLY). COME FROM LATIN, GERMAN, GREEK, AND ENGLISH.
ALL THE ELEMENTS IN CERTAIN GROUPS WHICH ARE VERTICAL HAVE CERTAIN TRAITS (CHEMICAL) WHICH THEY SHARE IN COMMON. THE ELEMENTS IN THE EXTREME RIGHT GROUP STARTING WITH 8 ( HELIUM, ATOMIC NUMBER 2 - IS KNOWN AS A NOBLE OR INERT GAS. THIS INCLUDES NEON, ARGON, KRYPTON, XENON, AND RADON. *THESE GASES ARE STABLE AS EACH ENERGY SHELL IS COMPLETE.
IONIC: INVOLVES A CHARGE, DUE TO LOSS OR GAIN OF AN ELECTRON. EX. IF ELEMENT LOSES ELECTRON IT WOULD HAVE POSITIVE CHARGE AND BE CALLED A CATION, WHILE THE ELEMENT WHICH GAINED THE ELECTRON WOULD BE CALLED AN ANION.
COVALENT: STRONGEST BOND - INVOLVES SHARING OF ONE OR MORE PAIRS OF ELECTRONS.
HYDROGEN BONDS - WEAKEST BONDONE OF THE MOST NECESSARY BONDS FOR BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS TO EXIST.
COVALENT: STRONGEST BOND - INVOLVES SHARING OF ONE OR MORE PAIRS OF ELECTRONS.
HYDROGEN BONDS - WEAKEST BONDONE OF THE MOST NECESSARY BONDS FOR BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS TO EXIST.
WATER IS CALLED A POLAR MOLECULE : THIS MEANS THAT DUE TO THE SIZE OF THE OXYGEN ATOM IT IS MORE ELECTRONEGATIVE THAN THE HYDROGEN ATOM. OXYGEN IS SLIGHTLY NEGATIVE AND HYDROGEN IS SLIGHTLY POSITIVE. SO OXYGEN ATTRACTS THE HYDROGEN ATOMS. THIS IS CALLED HYDROGEN BONDING. EACH WATER MOLECULE CAN ATTRACT AS MANY AS 4 HYDROGEN ATOMS. THIS IS WHY WATER HAS SO MANY UNIQUE PROPERTIES THAT ARE VITAL TO BIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS AND LIFE!
.WATER IS CONSIDERED A PERFECT SOLVENT. IT DISSOLVES MANY SOLUTES ( SOMETHING TO BE DISSOLVED). WHEN SOMETHING IS DISSOLVED IN A SOLVENT, THEN A SOLUTION IS CREATED. IF THE SOLVENT WAS WATER, THEN IT IS AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION. HYDROPHILIC = ATTRACTED TO WATER EX. POLAR MOLECULAR AND IONIZED MOLECULES. HYDROPHOBIC = NOT ATTRACTED TO WATER. EX. NON-POLAR MOLECULES AND NONIONIZED MOLECULES.2. WATER EXHIBITS COHESION AND ADHESION. COHESION - THE ABILITY TO FIRMLY HOLD OR STICK TOGETHER TO ITSELF. EX. ROOTS GETTING WATER.
PROPERTIES of WATER - cont. ADHESION: HOW WATER CAN "CLING" TO THE SURFACES OF OTHER STRUCTURES OR SURFACES. EX. LIKE WATER CLINGING TO INSIDE OF A STRAW. SURFACE TENSION: THE AFFINITY ( THE ATTRACTION) FOR WATER MOLECULES FOR EACH OTHER IS WHAT KEEPS WATER SO CLOSELY TOGETHER. EX. A GLASS OF WATER CAN BE OVERFILLED SLIGHTLY AND IT WILL NOT OVERFLOW DUE TO THIS ATTRACTION. PROPERTIES of WATER - cont. ADHESION: HOW WATER CAN "CLING" TO THE SURFACES OF OTHER STRUCTURES OR SURFACES. EX. LIKE WATER CLINGING TO INSIDE OF A STRAW. SURFACE TENSION: THE AFFINITY ( THE ATTRACTION) FOR WATER MOLECULES FOR EACH OTHER IS WHAT KEEPS WATER SO CLOSELY TOGETHER. EX. A GLASS OF WATER CAN BE OVERFILLED SLIGHTLY AND IT WILL NOT OVERFLOW DUE TO THIS ATTRACTION.
3. HIGH HEAT CAPACITY: AQUATIC ANIMALS ALL LIFEA LOT OF HEAT NEEDED TO BREAK HYDROGEN BONDS IN WATER TO TURN IT INTO GAS. COASTAL TEMPERATURES ARE MODERATED. OCEANS ABSORB A LOT OF HEAT AND RELEASE IT SLOWLY. WATER IS LESS DENSE AS A SOLID (ICE) THAN AS A LIQUID (WATER). CAN TAKE 3 FORMS OF MATTER.
PROPERTIES of WATER - cont. ADHESION: HOW WATER CAN "CLING" TO THE SURFACES OF OTHER STRUCTURES OR SURFACES. EX. LIKE WATER CLINGING TO INSIDE OF A STRAW. SURFACE TENSION: THE AFFINITY ( THE ATTRACTION) FOR WATER MOLECULES FOR EACH OTHER IS WHAT KEEPS WATER SO CLOSELY TOGETHER. EX. A GLASS OF WATER CAN BE OVERFILLED SLIGHTLY AND IT WILL NOT OVERFLOW DUE TO THIS ATTRACTION. PROPERTIES of WATER - cont. ADHESION: HOW WATER CAN "CLING" TO THE SURFACES OF OTHER STRUCTURES OR SURFACES. EX. LIKE WATER CLINGING TO INSIDE OF A STRAW. SURFACE TENSION: THE AFFINITY ( THE ATTRACTION) FOR WATER MOLECULES FOR EACH OTHER IS WHAT KEEPS WATER SO CLOSELY TOGETHER. EX. A GLASS OF WATER CAN BE OVERFILLED SLIGHTLY AND IT WILL NOT OVERFLOW DUE TO THIS ATTRACTION.
3. HIGH HEAT CAPACITY: AQUATIC ANIMALS ALL LIFEA LOT OF HEAT NEEDED TO BREAK HYDROGEN BONDS IN WATER TO TURN IT INTO GAS. COASTAL TEMPERATURES ARE MODERATED. OCEANS ABSORB A LOT OF HEAT AND RELEASE IT SLOWLY. WATER IS LESS DENSE AS A SOLID (ICE) THAN AS A LIQUID (WATER). CAN TAKE 3 FORMS OF MATTER.
WHEN WATER BREAKS INTO HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN ATOMS, IT BECOMES HYDROGEN IONS (H+) and (OH-) HYDROXIDE IONS. THE MORE (H+) IONS THERE ARE THE MORE ACIDIC; THE SOLUTION BECOMES AND VICE VERSA. THIS IS MEASURED BY THE pH scale ranges from 0 ( the most acidic) to 7.0 (neutral) to 14, which is basic or alkaline. THE ONLY SOLUTION, WHICH IS 7.0 pH, IS PURE WATER.THE "p" MEANS POWER or POTENTIAL H = HYDROGEN