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MST-a Physical & Chemical Properties of Hazardous Materials

Terms in this set (21)

boiling point
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a substance equals the average atmospheric pressure.
Vapor pressure (VP)
the pressure a saturated vapor exerts above its own liquid in a closed container.
Volatility
Measure of a materials tendency to vaporize or evaporate at ambient routine tempatures.
Flash Point (FP or FL. P.)
the flash point of a flammable liquid is the minimum temperature at which it gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air across the surface of the liquid.
Fire Point
The flashpoint of a substance is a tempature at which self sustained combustion occurs when a substance is exposed to a flame.
Auto ignition point
the minimum tempature at which a confined vapor has attaied self-sustained combustion even in the absence of an ignition source.
Specific Gravity
the mass of a given volume of matter compared with the mass of an equal volume of water. The specific gravity of water is 1.0
Solubility/miscibility
capable of combining, blending, or mixing all proportions to form a sing phase.
Corrosive / pH
A numeric scal between 0-14 used to quantify the acidity of alkalinity of a solution with neutrality indicated by 7.
Acidic
pH level Between 0-7, corrodes steel or destroys tissue upon contact
basic (caustic)
Property of aqueous pH level between 8-14
Solid
A form of matter existing in a rigid state independent of the size and shape of its container
Freezing Point
The temperature at which a material changes from a liquid to a solid upon cooling
Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid state upon heating
Sublimation
A physical change during which a substance passes from the solid directly to the gaseous state of mater, without liquefying. (ex. Dry ice)
Gas
Matter that possesses neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.
Vapor
The Gaseous form of a substance that exists as a solid or liquid at normal ambient conditions.
Vapor Density
The mass of a vapor or gas compared with air
Lower flammable limit (LFL) Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
the concentration of a gas or vapor in air below which a flame does not propagate when exposed to an ignition source. Essentially, there is not yet enough gas or vapor in the air for it to ignite.
Upper flammable limit (UFL) Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)
The concentration of a gas or vapor in the air above which a flame does not propagate when exposed to an ignition source. Essentially there is too much gas or vapor in the air making it too rich an environment and it will no longer be able to ignite.
Chemical Reaction
The process in which a substance changes into another substance.
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