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PSYCH (Substance Abuse) 🟢✅

Terms in this set (42)

NMDA receptor ANTAGONIST
MOA of Memantine?
Serotonin Syndrome
What type of syndrome does DEXTROMETHOPHAN commonly cause in the field of psychiatry, when used in combination w/psychiatric drugs?
Wernicke's Encephalopathy
If not treated, this disease progresses to Korsakoff's Syndrome (impairment to learn new information)-what is this first disease?
1. Confusion
2. Ataxia
3. Ophthalmoplegia
What is the TRIAD of Wernicke's Encephalopathy (according to Comquest)?
Mania; Psychosis
Synthetic Cannabinoids are associated with _______ and ________ in otherwise healthy people, as well as in patients w/hx of mental illness.
Dilation of pupils
What is MYDRIASIS?
Opioids
Patient has these withdrawal symptoms: Body aches, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, diaphoresis, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, mydriasis, autonomic arousal. What is the substance they suddenly stopped?
Alcohol
Patient has these withdrawal symptoms: Agitation, CNS hyper-excitability, seizures. What is the substance they stopped?
Alcohol
(because when consumed, it is CNS DEPRESSANT)
Patient comes in ER and has: tremor, ataxic gait, autonomic instability, delirium, HTN & tachycardia. What is the offending substance he has withdrawn?
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
(also: nausea, vomiting, palpitations)
What enzyme is congenitally absent/low in many asians, which causes them to get a "facial flushing" effect when drinking alcohol?
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
*results in HIGH acetaldehyde = facial flushing, nausea, vomiting, etc
Disulfiram BLOCKS what major enzyme, that is required for alcohol metabolism?
Alcoholic Hallucinations:
AUDITORY
Appears Immediately
Less Serious

Delirium Tremens:
VISUAL
Appears 2-3 days later
Severely Serious
What is the MAJOR difference (in terms of hallucination type, onset & severity) between:
Alcoholic Hallucinations
(due to withdrawal)
vs
Delirium Tremens
(due to withdrawal)?
Synesthesia
What is this mental status called: phenomenon in which multiple sensory modalities are confused for one another (ex: you hear in color, blue)?
Buprenorphine & Naloxone
_____________ & ____________ are both partial agonist of opiate receptors, that can DISPlACE the opiate drug that was bound to these receptors; used as Tx for opiate intoxication.
Hallucinogens
(LSD, DMT, Mushrooms, PCP)
Visual hallucinations, vivid visual sensations & synesthesia are caused by WHAT CLASS of DRUGS?
Serotonin
(5-HT2A agonists)
What receptor systems are modulated by these Hallucinogenic Drugs: LSD, DMT, Mushrooms?
NMDA
(antogonist)
What receptor systems are modulated by this Hallucinogenic Drug: PCP & Ketamine?
MDMA
___________ (an amphetamine) intoxication leads to euphoria, friendliness and feelings of love.
Manic Mood; Seizures
MDMA causes euphoria, friendliness & feelings of love; heavy intoxication can induce a _________ mood & provoke _________.
Benzodiazepines
MDMA-induced seizures can be treated w/____________.
Dopamine
(same reward pathway involved in most other addictions)
What neurotransmitter is involved in the HIGH DESIRE to smoke marijuana, for those that have an addiction?
1. Coma (sedation)
2. Respiratory Depression
3. Meiosis
What is the TRIAD of Acute Opioid Toxicity (according to Comquest)?
Naloxone
(displaces opioid drug off of receptors)
What is the BEST Tx for an opioid overdose (antidote)?
RR MORE than 35
or
RR LESS than 6
At what RR do you need to INTUBATE a patient?
Buprenorphine
(higher affinity for opioid receptors)
Between Buprenorphine & Naloxone, which one can MORE rapidly trigger a withdrawal syndrome?
Confabulation
Alcoholics w/chronic memory impairment, will often compensate through ___________________.
Amphetamines
(ex: Molly/Ecstasy)
What type of drug STIMULATES this receptor: 3,4-methylendedioxyamphetamine (MDMA)?
REM decreased
What part of SLEEP is affected by alcohol abuse? DECREASED or INCREASED?
Varenicline
Name a drug used to suppress withdrawal symptoms, while cutting the cravings for smoking-is a partial nicotine agonist-esp. in a patient who has failed nictoine Tx?
BLOCK 5-HT2 Serotonin Receptors
(also Dopamine receptors)
Why do Atypical Antipsychotics work in the Tx of LSD intoxication?
Naltrexone
What drug is good to eliminate the pleasurable effects of alcohol in a patient that abuses alcohol?
ENDORPHIN System; Naltrexone
What neurotransmitter system produces the pleasurable effects of alcohol? What drug used to treat alcoholics, BLOCKS this system?
LONG-acting opioid antagonist
Is Naltrexone a LONG- or SHORT- acting opioid ANTAGONIST?
Endorphin system
(dopaminergic NOT clinically possible to block)
Between the DOPAMINERGIC and ENDORPHIN neurotransmitter pathways, which one is targeted by Naltrexone to STOP the pleasurable effects of ALCOHOL abuse?
• Dysphoric mood
• INCREASED appetite
• Sleep disturbance
• Vivid dreams
Describe the Amphetamine (MDMA) withdrawal?
Buprenorphine
(used w/Naloxone to prevent abuse of buprenorphine)
Drug of choice for supervised HEROIN (opiate) Withdrawal?
Buprenorphine
Between Buprenorphine vs Methadone, which one is the considered the DRUG OF CHOICE in opiate withdrawal?
• Opium
• Heroin
• Codeine
• Oxycodone
• Hydrocodone
• Tramadol
• Morphine
• Hydromorphone
• Fentanyl
• Carfentanil
Name as many OPIATES (hint ~10)?
Cut down attempted
Annoyed when asked
Guilty of using
Eye opener-drink in the morning
What does this screening pneumonic stand for: CAGE?
Group Therapy
What type of THERAPY is best to Tx SUBSTANCE ABUSE?
1. Pre-contemplative (DENIAL)
2. Contemplative (ACCEPTANCE)
3. Preoccupation (1st STEP)
4. Action (BEHAVIOR CHANGE)
5. Maintenance (SUSTAIN)
List the 5 stages of EMPATHY?
Substance ABUSE: causes impairment
Substance ADDICTION: disease
What is the difference between: Substance ABUSE vs Substance ADDICTION?
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