Infectious stage of GiardiacystsClinical signs of GiardiaGI dysfunctionDetection of Giardiafecal flotation to detect trophozoites or cystsHosts of Tritrichomonas foetusbovids, felidsLocation of Tritrichomonas foetus in hostsbovids: reproductive tract felids: large intestineTritrichomonas foetus life cycledirect transmission via venereal route (bovids) or fecal-oral route (felids)Infectious stage of Tritrichomonas foetustrophozoiteGenera that does not have a cyst stageTrichomonadsClinical signs of Tritrichomonas foetuscow - abortion bull - asymptomatic felid - GI dysfunctionUse InPouch for detectionTrichomonas gallinae Tritrichomonas foetusHosts of Trichomonas gallinaebirdslocation of Trichomonas gallinae in hostupper GI, throatTrichomonas gallinae life cycledirectinfectious stage of Trichomonas gallinaetrophozoiteClinical signs of Trichomonas gallinaecaseous and ulcerative lesions in throat more severe in raptorsHost of Histomonas meleagridisturkeysTransport host for Histomonas meleagridisHeterakis gallinarumLocation of Histomonas meleagridis in hostliver, cecumHistomonas meleagridis life cycledirect through cloacal drinking indirect via Heterakis gallinarumInfectious stage of Histomonas meleagridisTrophozoiteCausative agent of BlackheadHistomonas meleagridisasymptomatic carriers of Histomonas meleagridischickensBalantidium coli hostspigs, humanslocation of Balantidium coli in hostlarge intestineBalantidium coli life cycledirect transmission via fecal-oral routeInfectious stage of Balantidium colicystsDiagnosis of Balantidium colidetection of trophozoites or cysts using a fecal floatHost of Ichthyophthirius multifilliisfreshwater fishlocation of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in hostskin, fins, gillsIchthyophthirius multifiliis life cycledirectinfectious stage of Ichthyophthirius multifiliistherontscausative agent of Ich/white spotIchthyophthirius multifiliisHosts of Eimeriamany hosts - except dogs and catslocation of Eimeria in hostprimarily GI tractEimeria life cycledirect transmission via fecal-oral routeInfectious stage of Eimeriasporulated oocystEimeria sporulated oocystcontains 4 sporocysts with 2 sporozoites eachclinical signs of Eimeriabloody diarrheaEimeria species that infects the liver of rabbitsEimeria stiedaeCausative agent of nervous coccidiosis in cattleEimeria zuerniiHosts of Cystoisospora spp.cats, dogs, pigslocation of Cystoisospora spp. in hostGICystoisospora spp. life cycledirect via fecal-oral transmission indirect via paratenic hostsInfectious stage of Cystoisospora spp.sporulated oocystCystoisospora spp. sporulated oocystcontains 2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites eachclinical signs of Cystoisosporabloody diarrheacausative agent of neonatal porcine coccidiosisCystoisospora suisCryptosporidium life cycledirect via fecal-oral transmissioninfectious stage of Cryptosporidiumsporulated oocystsAcid-fast oocystsCryptosporidium parvumcausative agent of calf scoursCryptosporidium parvumCryptosporidium species that affect cattleparvum, andersoni, bovisDefinitive host of Sarcocystis cruzidogIntermediate host of Sarcocystis cruzicattlelocation of Sarcocystis cruzi in hostsDH: small intestine IH: striated muscleSarcocystis cruzi life cycleindirect via predator-prey transmissioninfectious stage of Sarcocystis cruzisporulated oocystClinical presentation of Sarcocystis cruziDH: none IH: abortion, sarcocysts in muscleDefinitive host of Sarcocystis neuronaopossumIntermediate host of Sarcocystis neuronamammalian wildlifeAccidental host of Sarcocystis neuronaequidsSarcocystis neurona life cycleindirectInfectious stage of Sarcocystis neuronasporulated oocystclinical signs of Sarcocystis neurona in equidsEquine protozoal myeloencephalitisDefinitive host of Toxoplasma gondiicatsIntermediate host of Toxoplasma gondiimammalsToxoplasma gondii life cycleindirectinfectious stage of Toxoplasma gondiisporulated oocystToxoplasma gondii can cause abortion inhumans, sheep, goatsseem to be immune to Toxoplasma gondiicattle and horsesToxoplasma gondii oocysts are morphologically indistinguishable fromHammondia hammondiDefinitive host of Neospora caninumdogIntermediate host of Neospora caninumcattleNeospora caninum life cycleindirectInfectious stage of Neospora caninumsporulated oocystprimary cause of cattle abortions worldwideNeospora caninumNeospora caninum oocysts are morphologically indistinguishable fromHammondia heydorniDefinitive host of Leishmania infantummammals (dogs), humansLeishmania infantum vectorsandfliesLife cycle stage of Leishmania infantum found in vertebratesamastigotes (macrophages, skin, liver, spleen)Life cycle stage of Leishmania infantum found in vectorpromastigotesLeishmania infantum life cycleindirect via sandfly bite direct via transmission among dogsinfectious stage of Leishmania infantumpromastigotesclinical presentation of Leishmania infantumcutaneous lesions, alopecia, renal failuredefinitive host of Trypanosoma cruzimammals (dogs), humansvector of Trypanosoma cruzitriatome insects - kissing bugslife cycle stage of Trypanosoma cruzi found in DHtrypomastigotes - blood amastigotes - heartlife cycle stage of Trypanosoma cruzi found in vectorepimastigotes and trypomastigotesTrypanosoma cruzi life cycleindirect via kissing bug fecesinfectious stage of Trypanosoma cruzitrypomastigotesclinical signs of Trypanosoma cruziacute and chronic cardiac dysfunctionGiardia duodenalis trophozoite motility"falling leaf" motilityTrichomonad motilityundulating membrane, "jerky" motilityGiardia duodenalis nucleicyst: 4 nuclei trophozoite: 2 nucleiTrichomonad nucleione nucleiDefining characteristic of ciliate nucleimacronucleiTrophontstage of Ich that is found on the fish itselfTomontencysted environmental stage of IchTomiteproduced within tomonts via binary fission mature into therontsTherontinfectious stage of Ich released from tomonts that penetrate the fish and develop into trophontssporogonyasexual reproduction; a single zygote produces infective sporozoitesmerogonyasexual reproduction; sporozoites undergo division to become meronts, containing numerous merozoitesgametogonymerozoites differentiate into gametesfertilizationgametes fuse to produce a zygotegeneral life cycle of apicomplexanszygotes undergo sporogony to become sporozoites sporozoites invade target cells and undergo merogony to become merozoites merozoites undergo gametogony to become gametes gametes undergo fertilization to become zygotesApicomplexan with rigid host and site specificityEimeriaAutoinfection possibleCryptosporidium parvumZoonotic Sarcocystis spp.hominis, suihominisDefinitive characteristic of Kinetoplastsa single, large mitochondrion

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