integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive 1st EditionOpenStax599 explanations
11th EditionElaine N. Marieb928 explanations
9th EditionElaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn873 explanations
12th EditionElaine N. Marieb, Suzanne M. Keller642 explanations
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGYDuring a routine medical checkup, Candace, a 26-year old physiotherapy student, is surprised to hear that her blood pressure is 180/110. She also has a rumbling systolic and diastolic abdominal bruit (murmur) that is loudest at the mid-epigastric area. Her physician suspects renal artery stenosis (narrowing). She orders an abdominal ultrasound and renal artery arteriography, which confirms that Candace has a small right kidney, and that the distal part of her right renal artery is narrowed by more than 70%. Her physician prescribes diuretics and calcium channel blockers as temporary measures, and refers Candace to a cardiovascular surgeon. Explain the connection between Candace's renal artery stenosis and her hypertension. Why is her right kidney smaller than her left? What would you expect Candace's blood levels of $\mathrm{K}^{+},$ $\mathrm{Na}^{+},$ aldosterone, angiotensin II, and renin to be?
