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Patho Test 2

Terms in this set (149)

Which of the following statements is correct?

- Water is attracted to sodium
- Water cannot cross the plasma membrane
- Water in the body can only move from ICF to ECF, not ECF to ICF
Water is attracted to sodium
A young male arrives to the emergency department having suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. To reduce swelling of the brain's cells, a ______ IV is administered.

- Isotonic
- Hypertonic
- Hypotonic
- Isosmotic
Hypertonic
Which of these are acids?

- CO2 (Carbon dioxide)
- H+ (Hydrogen ion)
- HCO3- (Bicarbonate)
- CO2
- H+
If a patient presents with metabolic acidosis, which of the following signs would you expect to observe?

- Increased respiratory rate
- Increased pH
- Decreased urination
- Lower than normal H+ ions
Increased respiratory rate (because in acidosis you have too much CO2 and so you hyperventilate to get rid of CO2 quickly)
In the bicarbonate system in the body, bicarbonate acts as a(n) ______, while hydrogen acts as a(n) _______
- Bicarbonate = base
- Hydrogen = acid
Which of the following is a primary determinant of oncotic pressure?

- Intracellular potassium
- Intracellular sodium
- Glucose
- Albumin
Albumin
Which is the main intracellular cation?

- Potassium
- Magnesium
Potassium
What is the normal range for pH?
7.35 - 7.45
What is the normal range for CO2?
35 - 45
What is the normal range for HCO3?
22 - 26
When phosphorus is low, calcium is ______
High
Phosphorus is regulated by
Parathyroid
What type of patients generally have high levels of phosphorus?
Patients with renal (kidney) disease (since phosphorus is excreted by the kidneys)
What are 2 common causes of hypercalcemia
- Cancer
- Hyperparathyroidism (overactive parathyroid)
What can hypercalcemia lead to?
Renal calculi (renal stones)
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