study guid psy130

The "visual cliff" was designed to evaluate
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The "visual cliff" was designed to evaluate
depth perception.
Which of the following is one of the premises of the dynamic-systems theories?
Each child is a unified system that integrates perception, action, cognition, and knowledge of their physical and social environment constantly in development.
True or False: Most research examining the development of motor milestones has been conducted with Western children, making results misleading and not generalizable.
Correct!
True
Which groups of infants would know their own limitations if placed at the top of a steep incline?
experienced crawlers and experienced walkers
Research using shallow and steep inclines has NOT demonstrated that
infants are able to transfer judgment skills learned as crawlers to walking.
Which sequence lists the periods of prenatal development in the CORRECT developmental progression from earliest to latest?
zygote > embryo > fetus
In the United States, which substance is the MOST common cause of injury to the fetal brain?
alcohol
For teratogens that show a dose-response relation
the greater the exposure to the teratogen, the greater the likelihood of a defect.
Which of the following statements about spina bifida is NOT correct
It is caused by an umbilical cord defect.
The likelihood of a prenatal defect and the severity of the defect from exposure to teratogens are NOT dependent on
number of previous pregnancies of the mother.
Which list identifies the CORRECT sequence of the developmental processes of neurons? Correct!neurogenesis > neuron migration > arborization > synaptogenesis > myelinationIn the process of synaptogenesisconnections between neurons are formed.Here is the abstract from an empirical paper by Kuipers & Thierry (2012) on bilingual language development. "...Here, we investigated monolingual and bilingual toddlers' brain responses to an unexpected language change. We presented 2-3 year old children with picture-word pairs and occasionally changed the language of the spoken word while recording __________. In line with previous results obtained in adults, bilingual children differentiated between the languages of input faster than their monolingual peers, i.e., within 200 milliseconds of spoken word onset, a time range previously associated with lexical access."Electroencephalogram (EEG)ere is the abstract from an empirical study by Bunge and colleagues (2002) that examined the frontal cortex contributions to cognitive control in children. "___________ was employed to characterize differences in brain activation between children ages 8-12 and adults related to two forms of cognitive control: interference suppression and response inhibition. Children were more susceptible to interference and less able to inhibit inappropriate responses than were adults. Effective interference suppression in children was associated with prefrontal activation in the opposite hemisphere relative to adults. In contrast, effective response inhibition in children was associated with activation of posterior, but not prefrontal, regions activated by adults. Children failed to activate a region in right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex that was recruited for both types of cognitive control by adults. Thus, children exhibited immature prefrontal activation that varied according to the type of cognitive control required."Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)Which of the following statements about brain development is NOT correct?All regions of the brain show identical developmental trajectories from infacy throughout adulthood.To examine whether infants can perceive a difference between a square of uniform color and a square with a pattern on it, a researcher displays the two squares side by side. The researcher records the number of seconds infants look at each square. This method is called the _____ technique.preferential-lookingTo examine whether infants can perceive a difference between two stimuli, Professor Thomas first shows one stimulus to the infant until he is no longer interested in the object. Professor Thomas then shows a new stimulus to the infant and records whether the infant becomes interested in the new stimulus. This method is called the _____ technique.habituationWhen young infants (younger than 2 months) look at complex shapes or pictures, they tend to look atthe perimeterWhich statement about research on infants' and adults' ability to differentiate between pairs of human faces and between pairs of monkey faces is evidence to support perceptual narrowing in infancy?At 6 months of age, infants can successfully differentiate between pairs of human faces and between pairs of monkey faces, but older infants and adults have lost the ability to differentiate between monkey faces.In the DeCasper and Spence study (1986) we covered in the lecture, pregnant women read aloud twice a day from the same book during their last 6 weeks of pregnancy. Which paradigm was used to assess fetal learning and newborn's auditory perception?High-amplitude sucking paradigmThe "visual cliff" was designed to evaluatedepth perception.Which of the following is one of the premises of the dynamic-systems theories?Each child is a unified system that integrates perception, action, cognition, and knowledge of their physical and social environment constantly in development.True or False: Most research examining the development of motor milestones has been conducted with Western children, making results misleading and not generalizable.TrueWhich groups of infants would know their own limitations if placed at the top of a steep incline?experienced crawlers and experienced walkersResearch using shallow and steep inclines has NOT demonstrated thatinfants are able to transfer judgment skills learned as crawlers to walking