Chapter 3

Name 6 basic needs of the body's cells
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Terms in this set (18)
Name 6 basic needs of the body's cells
energy
oxygen
water
nutrients
waste removal
maintaining homeostasis
Summarize the exchange of materials that takes place as body fluids circulate around the tissues
Fluid filters out of blood through the capillary, whose walls are made of cells with small spaces between them
Fluid may enter a capillary and rejoin the bloodstream
Fluid may enter a lymph vessel to join the lymphatic fluids. Lymph flows through the vessels and ultimately into the bloodstream through a large lymph vessel that empties into a large vein.
Summarize the interactions between the hormonal and nervous systems and nutrition
Cortex & hypothalamus
perceive hunger, appetite & availability of nutrients & water
Fight-or-flight reaction or stress response
Neurotransmitters
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
Metabolism speeds up
Muscle & organ response
Eyes, heart, liver & stomach
Summarize how the digestive system provides nutrients to the body tissues
The digestive system is directed to digest & absorb by the nervous system & hormones
Flexible, muscular tube extends from mouth to anus (about 26 feet)
human body surrounds digestive tract
breaks down food to it's components, absorbs nutrients, and excretes waste
Works mechanically and chemically
Outline the symptoms of eight common digestive problems related to nutrition
Hiccups
Breakdown of fiber by bacteria produces gas
Heartburn
Gastroesophgeal reflux disease (GERD) * masks the symptoms of ulcers & hernias
constipation & diarrhea
hemorrhoids
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Lungs excretory function
oxygenate blood, remove carbon dioxide from blood & return blood to heart
Major storage sites
liver, muscles, adipose tissue
Moderate Alcohol consumption
drinking slowly, casually
eating food while drinking, or beforehand
no binge drinking - knowing when to stop
respect of non-drinkers
avoiding drinking when solving problems or making decisions
not admiring or encouraging drunkenness
remaining peaceful, calm & unchanged by drinking
causing no problems to others or themselves by drinking
Extracellular Fluid
resides outside the cells & transports materials to & from the cells
permits exchange of material
forms lymph
Intracellular fluid
resides inside the cells & provides the medium for cellular reactions
all cell reactions take place here
holds cellular shape
Hormonal Functionsregulate the digestive system in response to meals or fasting inform the brain about the degree of body fatness help regulate hunger & appetite influence appetite changes during a woman's menstrual cycle & in pregnancy Regulate the body's reaction fo stress, suppressing hunger & digestionLiver excretory functionFilters toxins from blood; stores, transforms & mobilizes nutrientsKidneys excretory functionfilter wastes from blood and form urine and deliver it to the bladder for excretionBladder excretory functionexcretes urineexcessive alcohol consumptiongulp or chug drinks drink on empty stomach binge drink; drink to get drunk pressure others to drink turn to alcohol when facing problems or decisions consider drunks funny or admirable become loud, angry, violent, or silent when drinking physically or emotionally harm self or othersLiverstores glycogen, for cellular useMusclesstores glycogen, for it's own useAdipose tissuefat & fat-related substances for long-term energy needs