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test 1 o

Terms in this set (58)

anaplasia
pattern of growth in which cells lack normal characteristics and differ in shape and organization with respect to their cells of origin, anaplastic cells are malignant
angiogenesis
growth of new blood vessels that allow caner cells to grow
apoptosis
active cell death
cytokines
substances produced primarily by cells of the immune system to enhance production and functioning of components of the immune system
grading
identification of the type of tissue from which the tumor originated and the degree to which the tumor cells retain the functional and structural characteristics of the tissue of origin
graft vs host disease
Grafted Immunocompetent T cells proliferate in the irradiated immunocompromised host and reject cells with 'foreign' proteins, resulting in severe organ dysfunction. RASH, Jaundice, Diarreha, Hepatosplenomegaly.
graft vs tumor effect
the donor cell response against the malignancy; a desirable response
wbc count
4,500-11,000
rbc count
4-6 million
platelets count
150,000-400,000
neoplasia
uncontrolled cell growth that follows no physicologic demand
targeted therapies
cancer treatments that seek to minimize the negative effects on healthy tissues by disrupting specific cancer cell functions, such as malignant transformation, communication pathways, processes for growth and metastasis, and genetic coding
initiation
mutations in cellular dna
promotion
repeated exposure to promoting agents causes proliferation and expansion of initiated cells with increased expression or manifestations of abnormal genetic formation
progression
increasingly malignant behavior, stimulate angoigeneses to invade adjacent tissue and to metastasize
tumor marker
Abnormal levels of substances found in the blood of cancer patients; used to monitor the presence of cancer and the extent of disease
g1 phase
rna and protein synthesis occur
s phase
dna synthesis occurs
g2
premitotic phase, dna syntheses is complete , mitotic spindle forms
mitosis
duplicated chromosome separate and cell division occur
where should you never give a vesicant
prepheral veins involving hand or wrist
cell cycle alkylating agents
non specific
aklyating agents mechanism of action
bond with DNA, RNA and protein all results in cell death
side effects of alkylating agents
BMS, N/V, cystitis, ALOPECIA, STOMATITIS, gonadal suppression, renal toxicity, dev of secondary malignancies
nitrosoureas mechanism of action
cross blood brain barrier - similar to alkylating - leading to cell death
nitrosoureas cell cycle
nonspecific
nitrosoureas side effects
BMS, thrombocytopenia, NV , pulmonary , renal, hepatic damage
topoisomerae mechanism of action
induce breaks in DNA by binding to enzyme topoisomerase and preventing cells from dividing
topisomerase cell cycle
s phase (dna synthesis)
topisomerase side effects
BMS,N/V , flu like sx, rash, hepatotoxicity
antimetabolites mechanism of action
interferes with biosynthesis of metabolites or nucleic acids necessary for RNA and DNA syntheses. inhibits DNA replication and repair
antimetabolites cell cycle
s phase (DNA synthesis)
antimetabolites side effects
N/V, diarrhea, BMS, stomatitis, renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, hand foot syndrome
antitumor antibiotics mechanism of action
Interfere with DNA synthesis by binding DNA; prevent RNA synthesis
antitumor antibiotics cell cycle
nonspecific
antitumor antibiotics side effects
BMS. NV, alopecia, anorexia, cardiac toxicity, red urine, pulmonary fibrosis
mitotic spindle inhibitors
m phase (mitosis)
mitotic spindle inhibitors mechanism of action
arrest metaphase by inhibiting mitotic tubular formation .... inhibit dna and protein synthesis

inhibiting tubulin depolymerization

alteres microtubules and inhibits mitosis
mitotic side effects
BMS. NV , peripheral neuropathies , hypersensitivity reactions, ALOCEPIA, mucositis, HEPATIC IMAPIRMENT
Hormonal agents cell cycle
nonspecific
hormonal agents mechanism of action
bind to hormone receptor sites that alter celluar growth, block binding of estrogens to receptor sites, inhibit RNA , suppress cytochrome
hormonal agents side effects
hypercalcemia, jaundice, increased appetite, masculinization, feminization, sodium and fluid retention NV, hot flashes , vaginal estrogen dryness
asparaginease , procarbazine
inhibit protein , dna, anoxeria , nv, bms, hepatotoxicity , pancreatitis
arsenic trioxide
fragmentation of dna, resulting in cell death, leukemia, corrects protein changes and changes malignant cells into normal wbc
arsenic side effects
NV. ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES, fever, cough, dyspnea, electrocardiogram abnormalitites, headache
ca125
ovarian
ca19-9
pancreas and gb
psa
prostate
afp
liver
her-2
breast
Cytokines
are antivirals, antitumor, and immunomodulatory properties Interferons have been known to have many toxicity issues which has restricted their use
Interleukins
are produced by subsets of T-cell lymphocytes similar to Interferons in producing the bodys immune response
nitrosoureas
tine not semustine
toposiomerase
tecan, poside
antimetabolites
dine, bine, 5fu,urea, urine statin
antitumor antibiotics
cin
mitotic spindle
vin, axel, pilone
alkylating agents
an, tin, zine, en, iflex, mustard, epa, ox
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