BIOLOGYIn Drosophila, the recessive dp allele of the dumpy gene produces short, curved wings, while the recessive allele bw of the brown gene causes brown eyes. In a testcross using females heterozygous for both of these genes, the following results were obtained:
$$
\begin{array}{ll}
\text{wild-type wings, wild-type eyes} & \text{178}\\
\text{wild-type wings, brown eyes} & \text{185}\\
\text{dumpy wings, wild-type eyes} & \text{172}\\
\text{dumpy wings, brown eyes} & \text{181}\\
\end{array}
$$
In a testcross using males heterozygous for both of these genes, a different set of results was obtained:
$$
\begin{array}{ll}
\text{wild-type wings, wild-type eyes} & \text{247}\\
\text{dumpy wings, brown eyes} & \text{242}\\
\end{array}
$$
a. What can you conclude from the first testcross? b. What can you conclude from the second testcross? c. How can you reconcile the data shown in parts a and b? Can you exploit the difference between these two sets of data to devise a general test for synteny in Drosophila? d. The genetic distance between dumpy and brown is 91.5 m.u. How could this value be measured?