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KSA Mental Health: Anxiety, Panic, Phobia, OCD

Terms in this set (31)

What is the major distinction between fear and anxiety?

- Fear is a universal experience; anxiety is neurotic.
- Fear enables constructive action; anxiety is dysfunctional.
- Fear is a psychological experience; anxiety is a physiological experience.
- Fear is a response to a specific danger; anxiety is a response to an unknown danger.
- Fear is a response to a specific danger; anxiety is a response to an unknown danger.

Fear is a response to an objective danger; anxiety is a response to a subjective danger. This information helps identify the correct option.
Selective inattention is first noted when experiencing which level of anxiety?

- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe
- Panic
- Moderate

When moderate anxiety is present, the individual's perceptual field is reduced and the client is not able to see the entire picture of events. This is not an initial characteristic of any of the other levels of anxiety.
Delusionary thinking is a characteristic of which form of anxiety?

- Chronic anxiety
- Acute anxiety
- Severe anxiety
- Panic level anxiety
- Panic level anxiety

Panic level anxiety is the most extreme level and results in markedly disturbed thinking greater than in any of the other options.
Generally, which statement regarding ego defense mechanisms is true?

- They often involve some degree of self-deception.
- They are rarely used by mentally healthy people.
- They seldom make the person more comfortable.
- They are usually effective in resolving conflicts.
- They often involve some degree of self-deception.

Most ego defense mechanisms, with the exception of the mature defenses, alter the individual's perception of reality to produce varying degrees of self-deception. This information helps eliminate the other options as the correct statement.
A 20-year-old was sexually molested at age 10, but he can no longer remember the incident. Which ego defense mechanism is in use?

- Projection
- Repression
- Displacement
- Reaction formation
- Repression

Repression is a defense mechanism that excludes unwanted or unpleasant experiences, emotions, or ideas from conscious awareness. This is not the outcome of any of the other options.
What defense mechanisms can only be used in healthy ways?

- Suppression and humor
- Altruism and sublimation
- Idealization and splitting
- Reaction formation and denial
- Altruism and sublimation

Altruism and sublimation are known as mature defenses. They cannot be used in unhealthy ways. Altruism results in resolving emotional conflicts by meeting the needs of others, and sublimation substitutes socially acceptable activity for unacceptable impulses. This statement is not true of the other options.
What can be said about the comorbidity of anxiety disorders?

- Anxiety disorders generally exist alone.
- Depression may occur prior to onset of anxiety.
- Anxiety disorders virtually never coexist with mood disorders.
- Substance abuse disorders rarely coexist with anxiety disorders.
- Depression may occur prior to onset of anxiety.

In many instances, major depression may occur prior to the onset of panic disorder or may occur at the same time. Clinicians and researchers have clearly shown that anxiety disorders frequently co-occur with other psychiatric problems. Major depression often co-occurs and produces a greater impairment with poorer response to treatment.
A man continues to speak of his wife as though she were still alive, 3 years after her death. This behavior suggests the use of which ego defense mechanism?

- Altruism
- Denial
- Undoing
- Suppression
- Denial

Denial involves escaping unpleasant reality by ignoring its existence. This is not the outcome of any of the other options.
An obsession is defined as what?

- Thinking of an action and immediately taking the action
- A recurrent, persistent thought or impulse
- An intense irrational fear of an object or situation
- A recurrent behavior performed in the same manner
- A recurrent, persistent thought or impulse

Obsessions are thoughts, impulses, or images that persist and recur so that they cannot be dismissed from the mind. None of the remaining statements are accurate when defining the term obsession.
A symptom commonly associated with panic attacks?

- Obsessions
- Apathy
- Fever
- Fear of impending doom
- Fear of impending doom

The feelings of terror present during a panic attack are so severe that normal function is suspended, the perceptual field is severely limited, and misinterpretation of reality may occur. None of the other symptoms are associated with a panic attack.
Working to help the client view an occurrence in a more positive light is referred to by which term?

- Flooding
- Desensitization
- Response prevention
- Cognitive restructuring
- Cognitive restructuring

The purpose of cognitive restructuring is to change the individual's negative view of an event or a situation to a view that remains consistent with the facts but that is more positive. This is not necessarily true of any of the other options.
What is a possible outcome criterion for a client diagnosed with anxiety disorder?

- Client demonstrates effective coping strategies.
- Client reports reduced hallucinations.
- Client reports feelings of tension and fatigue.
- Client demonstrates persistent avoidance behaviors.
- Client demonstrates effective coping strategies.

Option A is the only desirable outcome listed for this diagnosis.
Inability to leave one's home because of avoidance of severe anxiety suggests the existence of which anxiety disorder?

- Panic attacks with agoraphobia
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Posttraumatic stress response
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Panic attacks with agoraphobia

Panic disorder with agoraphobia is characterized by recurrent panic attacks combined with agoraphobia. Agoraphobia involves intense, excessive anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which help might not be available if a panic attack occurred. None of the other options are associated with this form of anxiety.
A person who recently gave up smoking and now talks constantly about how smoking fouls the air, causes cancer, and "burns" money that could be better spent to feed the poor is demonstrating which ego defense mechanism?

- Projection
- Rationalization
- Reaction formation
- Undoing
- Reaction formation

Reaction formation keeps unacceptable feelings or behaviors out of awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion. This behavior is not associated with any of the other options.
A client frantically reports to the nurse that "You have got to help me! Something terrible is happening. I can't think. My heart is pounding, and my head is throbbing." The nurse should assess the client's level of anxiety as

- mild.
- moderate.
- severe.
- panic.
- severe.

Severe anxiety is characterized by feelings of falling apart and impending doom, impaired cognition, and severe somatic symptoms such as headache and pounding heart. Mild and moderate levels of anxiety do not demonstrate these feels while panic is even more intense than the scenario implies.
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