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immunity terms

Terms in this set (31)

foreign substance, microbes, or component of cell that stimulates immune response

specific protein produced in humoral response to bind with antigen

Antibodies against self antigen; attacks body's own tissues

gland in the mediastinum; large in children, decreases in size in adults, site maturation and proliferation of T lymphocytes

lymphatic tissue and organs

Contain many lymphocytes. Filter body fluids, remove foreign matter, immune response

Source of stem cells, leukocytes, and maturation of B lymphocytes

White blood cells for phagocytosis; nonspecific defense; active in inflammatory process

White blood cells: bind IgE, release histamine in anaphylaxis

white blood cells; participate in allergic responses and defense against parasites

White blood cells: migrate from the blood into tissues to become macrophages

Phagocytosis; process and present antigens to lymphocytes for the immune response

Release chemical mediators such as histamine in connective tissue

Humoral immunity-activated cell becomes an antibody-producing plasma cell or a B memory cell

Develop from B lymphocytes to produce and secrete specific antibodies

Cytotoxic or killer T cells

Destroy antigens, cancer cells, virus-infected cells

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Verified questions

BIOLOGY

In 1932, H. J. Muller suggested a genetic test to determine whether a particular mutation whose phenotypic effects are recessive to wild type is a null (amorphic) or hypomorphic allele of a gene. Muller’s test was to compare the phenotype of homozygotes for the recessive mutant alleles to the phenotype of a heterozygote in which one chromosome carries the recessive mutation in question and the homologous chromosome carries a deletion for a large region including the gene. In a recent study utilizing Muller’s test, investigators examined two mutant alleles of rugose named $r g^{4 1}$ and $r g^{\gamma{3}}.$ The eye phenotypes displayed by flies of several genotypes is indicated in the following table. Df(1)JC70 is a large deletion that removes rugose and several genes to either side of it. $$ \begin{matrix} \text{Genotype} & \text{Eye surface} & \text{Cone cells per ommatidium}\\ \hline \text{wild type} & \text{smooth} & \text{4}\\ \text{$r g^{4 1} / r g^{41}$} & \text{mildly rough} & \text{$2-3$}\\ \text{$r g^{4 1} / D f(1) J C 70$} & \text{moderately rough} & \text{$1-2$}\\ \text{$r g^{\gamma 3} / r g^{\gamma 3}$} & \text{very rough} & \text{$0-1$}\\ \text{$r g^{\gamma 3} / D f(1) J C 70$} & \text{very rough} & \text{$0-1$}\\ \end{matrix} $$ a. Which allele $(r g^{4 1}$ or $r g^{\gamma{3}})$ is “stronger” (that is, which causes the more severe phenotype)? b. Which allele directs the production of higher levels of functional Rugose protein? c. How would Muller’s test discriminate between a null allele and a hypomorphic allele? Suggest a theoretical explanation for Muller’s test. Based on the results shown in the table, is either of these two mutations likely to be a null allele of rugose? If so, which one?

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BIOLOGY

A forest near a city provides drainage for rainfall runoff. A group of citizens is protesting new housing developments in the forest because they believe flooding and property destruction will result. Analyze the value of biodiversity that describes their concern.

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BIOLOGY

Explain the role of decomposers in cycling of matter between the living and nonliving parts of the Southeast Asian rainforest ecosystem.

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BIOLOGY

Summarize the key concepts that led to the development of the technique for producing chymosin: (a) Concept 1: _____ (b) Concept 2: _____ (c) Concept 3: _____ (d) Concept 4: _____ (e) Concept 5: _____

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