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Elbow, Forearm, Wrist

Terms in this set (62)

What are the joints of the elbow?
humeroulnar joint
humeroradial joint
proximal radioulnar joint
What bones make up the forearm?
radius and ulna
What joint/s extend and flex the elbow?
humeroradial
humeroulnar
What joint/s pronate and supinate the elbow?
proximal radioulnar joint
What are the bumps on the end of the humerus called?
epicondyles - lateral and medial
What is the attachment site for the tendons of the wrist and hand extensors?
lateral epicondyle
What is the attachment site for the tendons of the wrist and finger flexors?
medial epicondyle
Where does "golf elbow" occur?
medial epicondyle tendons -- tendonitis of common flexor
Where does "tennis elbow" occur?
lateral epicondyle tendons
What goes into the olecranon fossa when the elbow is extended
olecranon process
Where is the site for problems experienced with the ulnar nerve?
olecranon fossa - nerve travels through fossa and medical epicondyle
What two bones produce the majority/basically all of the elbow movement?
humerus and ulna
What muscle extends the distal tip of the thumb? hint the tendon wraps around listers tubercle as it goes out to the thumb
Extensor pollicus longus (ELP)
Where is a common site of irritation for the tendon that wraps around a bump on the ulna? hint extensor of thumb
Lister's tubercle
Arthrokinematics of this joint are:
concave notch on ulna with convex trochlea on the humerus
humeroulnar joint (notch slides in same direction as the ulna moves)
What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint?
synovial hinge joint
What type of joint is the humeroradial joint?
synovial hinge joint
Arthrokinematics of this joint are:
concave radius moves on convex humerus
humeroradial joint
Flexion and extension occur in what plane?
sagittal plane
What joint transmits axial loads imposed on the elbow and accounts for about 60% of loads imposed on the elbow?
humeroradial joint
What four ligaments make up the collatoral ligament complex?
lateral radial, lateral ulnar, annular, accessory collateral
What is the primary joint for flexion and extension?
humeroulnar joint
What is the name of the angle that is larger in women than men and results in women bringing their arms out wider?
elbow carrying angle
What joint doesn't impact elbow motion at all?
proximal radioulnar joint
The proximal radioulnar joint is surrounded by what ligament?
annular ligament
Where is the distal radioulnar joint?
head of ulna articulates with ulnar notch on the articular disc of the radius
What is the articular disc part of?
- soft tissue complex called the TFCC
- stability and takes up space between ulna and carpal bones it articulates with
What factors affect motion at the joint? Lets Party People, Maybe Take Shots, Not For Chiropractors
-location of muscle
-position of elbow
-position of forearm
- magnitude of force
- type of contraction
- speed of motion
- number of joints crossed by muscle
- fiber type
- cross sectional arae
What are the flexors of the elbow?
- biceps brachii (elbow flexion when supinated ONLY)
- brachialis (primary flexor)
- brachioradialis
What are the extensors of the elbow?
- triceps brachii (three heads)
- anconeus (more of a stabilizer)
What head of the triceps brachii is the primary extensor?
medial head
What head of the triceps brachii is the strongest? What degree is the strongest at?
- lateral head
- 70-90 degrees
At what degree of flexion is the Brachialis at its strongest?
90 degrees of flexion
When bicipital tendonitis occurs what becomes irritated?
- tendon of the long head of the biceps
What muscle inserts distal to other flexors of the elbow?
Brachioradialis
What are the forearm pronators?
- pronator teres
- pronator quadratus
What muscle is the primary pronator of the forearm?
pronator quadratus - will pronate regardless of elbow position
Which muscle is active when there is rapid or resisted pronation?
Pronator teres
What are the forearm supinators?
-Biceps brachii
- Supinator
- Brachioradialis (limited degree)
What muscle is the primary supinator of the forearm?
Biceps Brachii
What muscle assists with rapid supination or any resisted supination of the forearm?
Biceps Brachii
Which muscle is the best supinator when the elbow is in extension and will act alone?
Supinator
What are the bones of the wrist?
-Ulna (40% load)
- Radius (60% load)
What is ulna variance?
· Ulna positive - tip creates problems at the wrist for clients (styloid process is more distal - we do not want this)
o Ulna shortened to bring styloid process more proximal
· Ulna negative
o Styloid process of ulna more proximal, lower
o most people have this
· Ulna neutral
o Everything is where it should be
o Axis for pivot joint is in line
Mnemonic for carpal bones
Proximal Row
She (scaphoid)
Likes (lunate)
To (triquetrum)
Play (pisiform)
---------------
Distal Row
Try (trapezium)
To (trapezoid)
Catch (capitate)
Her (hamate)
What muscles act pimarily at elbow
Brachialis and Brachioradialis
What muscles create the pivoting action between the radius and ulna?
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Supinator
What are the flexors of the wrist?
Flexor carpi radialis
Fexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
What are the extensors of the wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
What muscles are involved in radial deviation?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Flexor carpi radialis
Abductor pollicis longus
What muscles are involved in ulnar devation?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What are the flexor of the fingers?
Flexor digitorum superficialis (PIP flexion)
Flexor digitorum profundus (DIP flexion)
Flexor digiti minimu brevis
What are the extensors of the fingers?
Extensor digitorum communis
Extensor digiti minimi (extends little finger)
Extensor indicis (extends index)
What are the thenar muscles? *ball of thumb
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
What are the hypothenar muscles? *ball of little finger
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
What are the four types of hand grip?
Power
Hook
Spherical
Cylindrical
What are the three types of pinch patterns?
2 point (tip to tip)
3 point
Lateral (key or spoon)
What are the intrinsic muscles? *bellies in hand
Hypothenar muscles
Thenar muscles
Adductor pollicis
Interossei
Lumbricals
What is the acronyum for remembering the intrinsic muscles?
All For One, And One For All
A- abductor pollicis brevis
f- flexor pollicis brevis
o- opponens pollicis
A- adductor pollicis
o- opponents digiti minimi
f- flexor digiti minimi brevis
A- adductor digiti minimi
What are the extrinsic muscles? *bellies in forearm
Finger flexors
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
Finger extensors
- extensor digitorum comunis
- extensor indicis
- extensor digiti minimi
The actions of the extrinsic muscles are influenced by the position of what?
the wrist
The actions of the intrinsic muscles are influenced by the different positions of what?
MCP, DIP, and DIP joints
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