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AP Bio Ch.10

Terms in this set (48)

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?
Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one.
Which of the following descriptions correctly defines a genome?
the complete set of an organism's genes
Which of the following is the smallest unit that would contain a complete copy of the entire human genome?
one human somatic cell
If an organism is diploid and a certain gene found in the organism has 18 known alleles (variants), then any given organism of that species can/must have which of the following?
at most, 2 alleles for that gene
In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common?
length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes
The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain 46 chromosomes. To be as different as they are from human cells, which have the same number of chromosomes, which of the following must be true?
Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different from those in humans.
Which of the following cell types or organisms can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances?
a unicellular alga
Which of the following statements best describes a karyotype?
a display of all of the chromosomes of a single cell
A triploid cell contains three sets of chromosomes. If a cell of a usually diploid species with 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be expected to have which of the following?
63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3
A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of the following?
Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes
Which of these is a way that the sexual life cycle increases genetic variation in a species?
by allowing crossing over
Which of the following types of cells would be produced by meiosis?
a haploid animal cell
Which of the following describes a karyotype?
organized images of a cell's chromosomes
The human X and Y chromosomes
include genes that determine an individual's sex
Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?
A diploid plant (sporophyte) produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte)
Referring to a plant's sexual life cycle, which of the following processes leads directly to the formation of gametes?
gametophyte mitosis
Which of these statements is true?
In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY)
Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Which of the following elements do all sexual life cycles have in common?I. alternation of generationsII. meiosisIII. fertilizationIV. gametesV. spores
II, III, and IV
Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?
Each cell has eight homologous pairs.
At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?
metaphase
Which of the following is a true statement about sexual versus asexual reproduction?
In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit 50% of their genes to each of their offspring
The following question refers to the essential steps in meiosis described below.1. formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus2. alignment of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate3. separation of sister chromatids4. separation of the homologs; no uncoupling of the centromere5. synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairsWhich of the steps take(s) place in both mitosis and meiosis?
3
For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.I. prophase I V. prophase IIII. metaphase I VI. metaphase IIIII. anaphase I VII. anaphase IIIV. telophase I VIII. telophase IICentromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate.
VII
The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division malfunctions, and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?
either anaphase I or II
If a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following statements describes the contents of this cell?
It has half the amount of DNA of the cell that began meiosis.
Which of the following events might result in a human zygote with 45 chromosomes?
an error in either egg or sperm meiotic anaphase
After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is
haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.
How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?
They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?
late prophase of meiosis I
Which of the following happens during meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
Chromatids are separated from each other during which of the following processes?
during both mitosis and meiosis II
Which of the following events occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
synapsis of chromosomes
During mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?
They must be removed before sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes can separate
Which of the following structures is found in a pair of homologous chromosomes?
four sister chromatids
When we see chiasmata under a microscope, that lets us know that which of the following processes has occurred?
prophase I
To visualize and identify meiotic cells at metaphase I with a microscope, what would you look for?
pairs of homologous chromosomes all aligned at the cell's center
For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. prophase I V. prophase IIII. metaphase I VI. metaphase IIIII. anaphase I VII. anaphase IIIV. telophase I VIII. telophase II Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle.
II
For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. prophase I V. prophase IIII. metaphase I VI. metaphase IIIII. anaphase I VII. anaphase IIIV. telophase I VIII. telophase II Synaptonemal complexes form or are still present.
I only
For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes?
approximately 8.4 million
Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis is a result of
the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I.
During which process does independent assortment of chromosomes occur?
during meiosis I only
Which of the following statements best describes how often crossing over occurs in humans?
at least 1-3 times per chromosome pair
When homologous chromosomes cross over, what is the result?
Specific proteins break the two strands of nonsister chromatids and re-join them.
Life Cycle Diagram
In a life cycle such as that shown in diagram II of the figure, if the zygote's chromosome number is 10, which of the following will be true?
The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte's is 5.
Life Cycle Diagram
In part III of the figure, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series?
sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization
Life Cycle Diagram
Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for most fungi and some protists?
III only
Life Cycle Diagram
Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for plants and some algae?
II only
Life Cycle Diagram
Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for animals?
I only
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