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BIO 277 IRAT # 5a (Cardiovascular Physiology)

Terms in this set (31)

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Myasthenia gravis (destroys ACh receptors) - C

Poison arrow frog toxin (keeps ACh-gated sodium channels open) - C

Black widow spider bite (causes massive exocytosis of ACh by causing increased calcium influx) - A

Injection with Botox (prevents release of ACh because vesicle can not dock with membrane) - E

Pufferfish tetrodotoxin (blocks V-G Na+ channels) - B

Sarin gas (blocks AChE activity)- D

Develop MS (demyelinating disease)- F

Black mamba venom (an agonist of nicotinic cholinergic receptors)- C
Indicate whether each toxin or disease causes tetanic or flaccid paralysis
Myasthenia gravis (destroys ACh receptors)- Flaccid

Poison arrow frog toxin (keeps ACh-gated sodium channels open)- Tetanic

Black widow spider bite (causes massive exocytosis of ACh by causing increased calcium influx)- Tetanic

Injection with Botox (prevents release of ACh because vesicle can not dock with membrane) - Flaccid

Pufferfish tetrodotoxin (blocks V-G Na+ channels) -Flaccid

Sarin gas (blocks AChE activity)- Tetanic

Develop MS (demyelinating disease)- Flaccid

Black mamba venom (agonist of nicotinic cholinergic receptors)- Tetanic
Assuming equal driving force from the heart, and equal blood viscosity, which of these vessels delivers the least blood flow?
B
The rapid depolarization phase of the action potentials in these graphs is due to:
sodium influx in Graph A and calcium influx in Graph B
On both of these graphs, circled 3 and circled 7 indicate periods of:
potassium exiting cells
When epinephrine binds with receptors on the sinoatrial node the following occurs. Check all that apply.
-permeability to sodium increases during the pacemaker potential
-permeability to calcium increases during the pacemaker potential
-heart rate increases
Which is characteristic of cardiac muscle but not skeletal or smooth muscle?
None of these characteristics are only found in cardiac muscle
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
level of carbon dioxide at the tissue increases
Which is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart?
right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve
An agonist of adrenergic receptors applied to the heart would directly:
increase heart rate
Identify the factor increases peripheral resistance
Elevated levels of epinephrine at alpha adrenergic receptors
Decreased entry of calcium into smooth muscle cells occurs:
During increased levels of vasopressin at ADH receptors
Hypokalemia causes the resting membrane potential to be:
More hyperpolarized (negative) than normal
Which drawing shows the correct concentration gradient for potassium across the membrane of excitable cells? The size of the letter K represents the concentration
B
At which step is hypokalemia most directly involved in stopping the heart?
Step 1 because if the cell becomes too hyperpolarized then the cell will not be able to reach threshold for another action potential
Step 4 because the cell will become too hyperpolarized
Wile E.'s level of ADH will be:
Elevated
ADH has receptors on which target tissues? Check all that apply.
-The nephron of the kidney
-The afferent arteriole of the kidney
-Vascular circular smooth muscle
The RAAS (renin - angiotensin- aldosterone) pathway will be:
Upregulated
Angiotensin II has receptors on which target tissues? Check all that apply.
-Smooth muscle
-The afferent arteriole of the kidney
Aldosterone has receptors on which target tissues? Check all that apply.
The nephron of the kidney
Which statement is true about Wile E.'s autonomic output?
Sympathetic will be high and parasympathetic low
Which effector tissues have adrenergic receptors? Check all that apply.
-Autorhythmic cells
=Pumping cells
=Smooth muscle
=Afferent arteriole of the kidney
Which effector tissues have cholinergic receptors? Check all that apply.
Autorhythmic cells
How will ANP be affected? Make sure you know which effectors have ANP receptors!
It will be low
Which effector tissues have ANP receptors? Check all that apply.
-The nephron of the kidney
-Afferent arteriole of the kidney
-Smooth muscle
The signals from baroreceptor neurons are
Afferent Signals
Which of the following are integrating centers for MAP? Check all that apply
CVCC
HT/PPG
Activity of the autorhythmic cells that control heart rate would be considered to be:
an effector tissue response
Which effector tissues have receptors for ADH? Check all that apply
-Kidney
-Vascular Circular Smooth Muscle
Where does aldosterone have receptors? Check all that apply.
The Kidney
If you consumed a large amount of water, and increased your MAP, then you know that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) will be released which "makes you pee". Where is ANP released from? Hint: it is in the name of the hormone!
The Heart
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