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Chapter 10 Evolve Questions for Exam 1

Terms in this set (10)

Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions is known as:
A. health promotion.
B. health counseling.
C. health education.
D. health knowledge.
C. health education.
Rationale
Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions is known as health education. This process involves several key components including the use of teaching-learning strategies.
Reference: p. 216
The nurse incorporates cultural considerations into the health teaching plan by:
A. assessing a person's beliefs.
B. using medical terminology.
C. presenting evidence-based information.
D. explaining that universal health practices are the best.
A. assessing a person's beliefs.
Rationale
The health professional must take the time to assess cultural beliefs that influence social and health practices, and must make every effort to analyze educational interventions that are acceptable and satisfying to the individual. Nurses should recognize that a person's or group's background, beliefs, and knowledge may differ significantly from their own and seek to understand and show respect for these differences. Nurses should endeavor to provide culturally sensitive client education. Using medical terminology may be confusing and thus interpreted in different ways, and should only be used when the meaning can be made clear. Nurses should present evidence-based information to all clients regardless of their cultural background. Universal health practices, which are based upon research, should be presented regardless of cultural background.
Reference: p. 221
Which assessment technique will elicit the best information on the quality of life from individuals and families in a target population?
A. Collect information on infant mortality.
B. Involve the people in a self-study.
C. Analyze health care coverage statistics.
D. Review the epidemiological data of the people.
B. Involve the people in a self-study.
Rationale
The nurse evaluates the quality of life in a population by analyzing their social, economic, communication, or spiritual patterns, concerns, and problems. Involving the people in a self-study of their needs and aspirations is the best way to accomplish this task. Relating a health problem to social problems helps the nurse and the clients expand the rationale or justification of the health education project. The nurse collects data by analyzing infant mortality rates, health care coverage, and the population's demographic information. These are assessment techniques used to collect demographic information in order to formulate the intervention plans for the population. Active involvement in a self-study secures participation in the interventions, leading to positive outcomes.
Reference: pp. 216-217
The communication of health information in a manner which is clear and understandable is known as:
A. empowerment.
B. health literacy.
C. health disparities.
D. health education.
B. health literacy.
Rationale
Health literacy is defined as "the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions" (Selden, Zorn, Ratzen, & Parker, 2000). Health literacy includes the ability to read, write, speak, listen, compute, and comprehend, and to apply those skills to health situations. Empowerment is a goal of health education where successful change is fostered in people to promote healthful changes. Health disparities are health differences that adversely affect socially disadvantaged groups. Health education is a process of teaching and learning that encompasses ensuring the understanding of the information delivered.
Reference: p. 217
Nurses play an active role in __________individuals to make their own informed decisions about health care. A. empowering
B. coercing
C. persuading
D. directing
A. empowering
Rationale
Applying principles of respect, autonomy, justice, and beneficence, nurses have an active role as advocates in empowering individuals to make their own informed decisions about their health and care. The nurse works as partner, facilitator, and resource for the care recipient and family. Choices about health care practices belong to individuals, not health care providers. All competent individuals have the right to autonomous choice. Nurses should respect decisions made by persons and families, even when the choice is not what the nurse might do or suggest, or is considered "unhealthy," and avoid labeling them as noncompliant.
Reference: p. 220
A hospital creates a Facebook page for the bariatric surgery program. The owner of the site posts healthy recipes, lifestyle information, and information about upcoming workshops. This is an example of:
A. health literacy.
B. coercive advertising.
C. a teaching plan.
D. social marketing.
D. social marketing.
Rationale
Social marketing is the use of technology to change behavior while targeting a specific group. When an organization wants to offer an ongoing health education program for a target population, social marketing provides a strategy for reaching members of the group and implementing a service that will satisfy these members as consumers. Principles of social marketing and health education strategies are combined to promote population-based changes in behavior to improve health. Social marketers create information in a manner that is appealing to the target audience and at a literacy level that is understandable. The teaching plan would be created after the planning for the seminar or courses are underway. This type of marketing would not be considered coercive because it is up to the individual to respond to the information.
Reference: p. 222
Nurses have a responsibility to ensure health literacy when providing health education. What are some strategies that nurses can use to promote health literacy? (select all that apply)
A. Speak clearly and distinctly.
B. Speak louder than usual.
C. Use medical terminology.
D. Face the person when speaking.
E. Conclude with a summary of key points.
A. Speak clearly and distinctly.
D. Face the person when speaking.
E. Conclude with a summary of key points.
Rationale
The ability to communicate clearly with people from all literacy levels is an important component of patient-centered quality and safety in health education. The following strategies can have a significant impact on patient outcomes: speak clearly and distinctly, face the person when speaking, avoid the use of medical terminology, use plain language, and conclude with a summary of key points. It is not necessary to increase the volume of speaking, or change your tone when providing health education.
Reference: p. 217
What are some of the components of the health belief model that can assist nurses in determining the probability of an individual to make change? (select all that apply)
A. External pressure to change
B. The value of health as determined by significant others
C. Perceived susceptibility to a health problem, disease, or complications
D. Perceived seriousness of disease
E. Risk factors of disease attributed to heredity, race, or culture
C. Perceived susceptibility to a health problem, disease, or complications
D. Perceived seriousness of disease
E. Risk factors of disease attributed to heredity, race, or culture
Rationale
The health belief model is a paradigm used to predict and explain health behavior. It can assist the nurse in formulating an action plan that meets the needs and capabilities of the individual making health behavior changes. Nurses utilize the following guidelines to analyze the probability of a person making an appropriate plan of action:
◦Individual perceptions or readiness for change
◦The value of health to the individual compared with other aspects of living
◦Perceived susceptibility to a health problem, disease, or complications
◦Perceived seriousness of the disease level threatening the achievement of certain goals or aims
◦Risk factors to a disease attributed to heredity, race or culture, medical history, or other causes
◦Perceived benefits and barriers of health action
Reference: p. 219
Which of the following statements accurately describe the five stages of health-related behavior change according to the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)? (select all that apply)
A. Sustained change over time occurs in the contemplation phase.
B. When a person is considering the adoption of a change within the next 6 months, she or he is said to be in the precontemplation phase.
C. Small, sporadic changes occur in the planning phase, as the individual is seriously thinking about making a change within the next month.
D. In the action phase, the person has made behavior change which has persisted for 30 days.
E. Maintenance begins 6 months after the action has started, and continues indefinitely.
B. When a person is considering the adoption of a change within the next 6 months, she or he is said to be in the precontemplation phase.
C. Small, sporadic changes occur in the planning phase, as the individual is seriously thinking about making a change within the next month.
E. Maintenance begins 6 months after the action has started, and continues indefinitely.
Rationale
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM), or the stages of change model, is useful for determining where a person is in relation to making a behavior change. The TTM proposes that behavior change progresses through 5 stages regardless of whether the person is quitting or adopting a behavior. The five stages are:
◦Precontemplation: A person is not thinking about or considering quitting or adopting a behavior change within the next 6 months (not intending to make changes).
◦Contemplation: A person is seriously considering making a specific behavior change within the next 6 months (considering a change).
◦Planning or Preparation: A person who has made a behavior change is seriously thinking about making a change within the next month (making small or sporadic changes).
◦Action: The person has made a behavior change and it has persisted for a period of 6 months (actively engaged in behavior change).
◦Maintenance: The period beginning 6 months after action has started and continuing indefinitely (sustaining the change over time).
Reference: p. 220
Nurses provide health education to people to assist them in achieving a goal of: (select all that apply)
A. enhanced wellness.
B. physician-directed care.
C. management of a chronic condition.
D. admission to tertiary-care facilities.
E. wisely handling daily health care decisions.
F. fostering successful changes in health behaviors.
A. enhanced wellness.
C. management of a chronic condition.
E. wisely handling daily health care decisions.
F. fostering successful changes in health behaviors.

Rationale
The goal of health education is to assist individuals, families, and communities achieve, through their own actions and initiative, optimal states of health, and therefore enhanced wellness. Other goals of health education are for the detection of illness, treatment, rehabilitation, and long-term care. Health education encourages positive, informed changes in lifestyle behaviors that prevent acute and chronic disease, decrease disability, and enhance wellness. Health education fosters successful changes in health behavior, which then empowers the individual. People who believe that their behaviors will make a difference in their health and who are involved in the decision making are more likely to make changes. Health education enables the individual to wisely handle daily decisions and to manage a chronic illness.
Reference: pp. 217-219
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