Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

A&P CH16

Terms in this set (112)

Which term refers to any structure specialized to detect a stimulus?
Receptor
______ is the conversion of one form of energy to another. In biology, it is used to describe the conversion of stimulus energy into an electrical signal in the nervous system.
Multiple choice question.
Transduction
A ________ is a receptor that responds to temperature (heat and cold).
thermoreceptor, thermoreceptors, or Thermoreceptor
Which types of sensory receptors consist of free nerve endings?
Cold receptors
Warm receptors
Nociceptors
Most encapsulated nerve endings are ______.
mechanoreceptors
Which term refers to sensory receptors accompanied by accessory tissues that facilitate transduction of a stimulus?
Sense organ
What is a sensory projection pathway?
The neural pathway followed by sensory signals on their way to the brain
What is the primary function of a sensory receptor?
Transduction
Which can be defined as discomfort resulting from tissue damage or exposure to noxious stimuli?
Pain
Which type of receptor responds to light?
Multiple choice question.
Photoreceptor
Where are free nerve endings most abundant?
Skin and mucous membranes
Most encapsulated nerve endings are which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
Mechanoreceptors
The visible bumps on the tongue are not taste buds, but instead are called ________ papillae.
lingual
An electrical signal generated in the retina travels along a specific pathway in the nervous system to reach the visual cortex in the brain. Which term describes that pathway?
Sensory projection pathway
______ is a sensory modality mediated by specialized receptors called nociceptors.
Pain
The sense of smell is also known as ______.
Multiple choice question.
olfaction
Which type of receptor is specialized to respond to hot and cold stimuli?
Multiple choice question.
Thermoreceptor
Which term refers to any audible vibration of molecules?
Multiple choice question.
Sound
What is the primary function of the outer ear?
Multiple choice question.
Transmitting sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane
What are the visible bumps on the tongue called?
lingual papillae
Which is also known as the external acoustic meatus?
Auditory canal
Select all that apply
Cerumen does which of the following?
-Inhibits bacterial growth-Keeps the tympanic membrane pliable-Waterproofs the ear canal
What is olfaction?
sense of smell
What is the primary function of the tympanic membrane?
To transmit sound vibrations to the auditory ossicles
Sound is produced by which of the following?
Vibrating objects pushing against air molecules
Which section of the ear runs from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the oval window of the cochlea?
Middle ear
What is the function of the middle ear?
Transmit sound waves to the inner ear
The auditory canal is a passageway through which bone?
Temporal
Click and drag on elements in order
List the ossicles of the middle ear in order, starting with the ossicle closest to the tympanic membrane.
malleus
incus
stapes
Earwax, also called , is a protective, sticky secretion of ear canal glands. It waterproofs the ear canal and inhibits bacterial growth.
cerumen
Infections of the throat may be transmitted to the middle ear via which of the following?
Auditory tube
What is the anatomical name for the eardrum?
Tympanic membrane
Which is an opening between the middle ear and the vestibule of the inner ear?
Oval window
Which is located in the middle ear?
Auditory ossicles
Pressure waves are transduced into neural signals in which section of the ear?
Inner ear
Ear ossicles are tiny ______.
bones
Select all that apply
Which sensory modalities are mediated by inner ear structures?
Balance
Hearing
Which structure connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear?
Auditory tube
The cochlea contains receptors for which sense?
hearing
The beginning of the inner ear is a membrane-covered opening called which of the following?
Oval window
The cochlear nerve and the vestibular nerve come together to form which cranial nerve?
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Select all that apply
What are the components of the vestibular apparatus? Choose three answers from the list below.
Semicircular ducts
Utricle
Saccule
What is the primary function of the outer ear?
Transmitting sound vibrations to the tympanic membrane
Which term refers to coordination, balance, and orientation in three-dimensional space?
Equilibrium
The ______ ear consists of the cochlea and the vestibule which are organs important for the senses of hearing and balance.
inner
The ______ ducts of the inner ear are specialized to detect rotational head movements (angular acceleration).
semicircular
Select all that apply
Which cochlear chambers contain perilymph?
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
What wavelengths of light are visible to the human eye?
400-700 nm
The axons of bipolar sensory neurons leave the spiral organ to form which nerve?
Cochlear
Select all that apply
List the components of the lacrimal apparatus.
Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal ducts
Together, the utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts comprise which of the following?
Vestibular apparatus
Select all that apply
Equilibrium refers to perception of which of the following? Choose three of the options below.
Balance
Coordination
Orientation in space
The retina is part of which tunic of the eyeball?
Inner
Which type of stimulus will maximally activate the sensory receptors within the semicircular ducts?
Rotational motion
Which term refers to the outermost layer of the eyeball?
Fibrous
Vision is the perception of which of the following?
Electromagnetic radiation
Which term refers to the posterior, white portion of the fibrous layer?
Sclera
What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?
To produce and drain tears
The choroid, ciliary body, and iris belong to which of the three tunics of the eye?
Multiple choice question.
Vascular
What are the components of the vestibular apparatus? Choose three answers from the list below.
Semicircular ducts
Saccule
Utricle
The _________ is a highly vascular, deeply pigmented portion of the vascular tunic located behind the retina.
choroid or Choroid
Match each tunic of the eyeball to its components.
Instructions
- Tunica fibrosa: sclera and cornea-Tunica vasculosa: choroid, cilary body, and iris-Tunica interna: retina and beginning of the optic nerve
What fluid is secreted by the ciliary body?
Aqueous humor
Which structures are part of the outer, fibrous layer of the eyeball?
Cornea
Sclera
The inner layer of the eye contains which of the following?
-Start of optic nerve
-Retina
The ______ is the translucent anterior section of the fibrous layer (tunic) of the eye.
cornea or Cornea
The vascular layer of the eye is also called the ______.
Multiple choice question.
uvea
The choroid is ______.
very vascular
Which structure secretes the aqueous humor?
ciliary body
The ciliary body is part of which tunic of the eye?
Vascular
Which layer of the eyeball includes the retina?
Multiple choice question.
Internal
True or false: Inverted images are focused onto the retina by the lens.
True
Which structures are part of the vascular layer of the eyeball?
Iris
Choroid
Ciliary body
Which fluid is secreted by the ciliary body and fills the anterior cavity of the eye?
Multiple choice question.
Aqueous humor
The __________ body is a jelly-like substance located between the lens and the retina of the eyeball.
vitreous or Vitreous
The body is an extension of the choroid that supports the iris and lens of the eye.
ciliary or Ciliary
What are the neural components of the eye?
Optic disc
Retina
What is the function of the lens?
To focus light onto the retina
Which statement about the pupillary constrictor is true?
It narrows the pupil.
As light passes through different mediums, its path will bend. What is this called?
Refraction
Which are functions of the vitreous body?
-Keeps retina smooth
-Maintains intraocular pressure
Which structure contains photoreceptors?
Retina
Which processes help focus an image on the retina during the near response?
Convergence of the eyes
Constriction of the pupil
Accommodation of the lens
Which layer of the eyeball includes the retina?
Internal
The pupillary constrictor muscle is under direct control of which branch of the nervous system?
Parasympathetic
True or false: As we age, the near point of vision decreases.
False
Which term refers to the bending of light rays as they pass through objects of different density?
Refraction
Which are the photoreceptors that are primarily responsible for photopic (day) and trichromatic (color) vision?
cone
The ________ body is a jelly-like substance located between the lens and the retina of the eyeball.
vitreous or Vitreous
The term ________ " response" refers to the processes involved in focusing on close objects.
near
Rods and cones are examples of which of the following?
Photoreceptor cells
Rod cells are primarily responsible for which type of vision?
Scotopic
The ________ point of vision refers to the closest an object can be to the eyes and still be focused.
near
Match each photopigment to the type of retinal cell that produces it.
Instructions
Drag
Rhodopsin - Rods
Photopsin - Cones
Melanopsin- Ganglion cell
Which type of photoreceptor is primarily responsible for photopic (day) vision and trichromatic (color) vision?
Multiple choice question.
Cone cell
The visual adjustment that is made when you go from a dark or dimly lit area to a brighter area is called _________ adaptation.
light
The vitreous body, or humor, is a jelly-like substance located between what two structures of the eye?
Lens and retina
The duplicity theory of vision holds that a single receptor system cannot produce both high sensitivity and high resolution. What does this theory explain?
Why we have both rods and cones
Which are types of photoreceptor cells?
-Rods
-Cones
Which visual defect can be detected using this image?
Color blindness
Which are the photoreceptor cells responsible for night vision?
Rods
Which would be true about a person with only one eye?
She would have impaired stereoscopic vision.
__________ is the visual pigment present in cones.
Photopsin, Iodopsin, Photopsins, or photopsin
True or false: Sensitivity differences during light and dark adaptation result, at least in part, from the difference in bleaching and regeneration rates of photopsin and rhodopsin.
True
Put the components of the visual projection pathway in order starting with the retina and ending with the brain.
1. bipolar and ganglion cells of the retina2. hemidecussation in optic chiasm3. optic tracts4. lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus5. optic radiations6. primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe
Which type of photoreceptor cells demonstrate extensive neural convergence resulting in spatial summation, useful for low light vision?
Rods
Which genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in one or more photopsins?
Color blindness
Having two eyes with overlapping visual fields is necessary for which of the following?
Stereoscopic vision
Where does hemidecussation occurs in the visual projection pathway?
Multiple choice question.
Optic chiasm
Stereoscopic vision provides for which of the following?
Depth perception
Which would be true about a person with only one eye?
Multiple choice question.
...
Which describe the choroid?
Part of the vascular tunic (layer)
Contains numerous capillaries
Highly pigmented
Students also viewed