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MCB - Chapter 18 TCA Cycle : Prep.

Terms in this set (15)

Glucose can be metabolized in glycolysis to * , yielding some ATP.
pyruvate
However, the process of glycolysis captures only a fraction of the energy inherent in a * molecule as ATP.
glucose
More of the energy can be accessed if the pyruvate is completely oxidized into * and water.
carbon dioxide
Together, the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PHD) reaction and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle account for the complete combustion of * to CO2 and water.
pyruvate
The main functions of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) are: (#1)
1. To produce acetyl CoA, which can be oxidized completely to CO2 and water in the TCA cycle.
The main functions of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) are: (#2)
To generate NADH, which can be oxidized by the mitochondrial electron transport system to support the production of ATP.
The combustion of fuels into CO2 and water to generate ATP is called *
cellular respiration
The source of more than 90% of the ATP required by human beings.
cellular respiration
Cellular respiration, unlike glycolysis, is an * process, requiring molecular oxygen.
aerobic
In eukaryotes, cellular respiration takes place inside the mitochondria, whereas glycolysis is *.
cytoplasmic
Cellular respiration is comprised by three stages #1:
Stage 1: oxidation of fatty acids, glucose, and some amino acids yields acetyl-CoA.
Cellular respiration is comprised by three stages: #1
Stage 2: oxidation of acetyl groups in the citric acid cycle includes four steps in which electrons are abstracted.
Cellular respiration is comprised by three stages: #3

(This electron flow drives the production of ATP.)
Stage 3: electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 are funneled into a chain of mitochondrial electron carriers—the respiratory chain—ultimately reducing O2 to H2O.
In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvate is converted into * or ethanol.
lactic acid
In the presence of oxygen, it is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA),that is able to enter the citric acid cycle.
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