Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Vert ch 5-9 review

Terms in this set (20)

In which Period of the Paleozoic Era (i.e., 542-485 mya) do vertebrate fossils (i.e., small, fish-shaped, cranium with sensory organs, W-shaped, myomeres, notochords, and a lack of dermal bone) first arise?
Cambrian
Carboniferous
Permian
Devonian
Jurassic
cambrian
What modern day continent was not part of the Paleozoic continental block known as Gondwana?
Asia
Australia
South America
Africa
India (subcontinent of)
Asia
This period of the Paleozoic is noted for a rapid evolution of land plants dramatically changing terrestrial soils and it is marked by significant decreases in atmospheric CO2 and increases in atmospheric O2.
Devonian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Permian
Cretaceous
Devonian
Each of these is a good indicator of how much better air is for locomotor and respiratory efficiency compared to water EXCEPT... Sound travels ~4.3 times faster in water than in air.
Air is ~55 times less viscous than water.
Air is ~833 less dense than water.
Oxygen diffuses 8,500 times faster in air than in water.
A unit of air has ~35 times as much oxygen as water.
Sound travels ~4.3 times faster in water than in air.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a primitive characteristic exhibited by cyclostomes?
a lingual cartilage
a muscular pharynx
a notochord
a tripartite brain
a free swimming habit
a lingual cartilage
Which group of extinct fossil fish are eugnathostomes, meaning they were more derived than placoderms by exhibiting a tooth whorl?
Acanthodians
None of these
Conodonts
Ostracoderms
Placoderms
Acanthodians
This extinct vertebrate group had a jointed cranium that permitted movement while feeding, as well as jaws of dermal bone that lacked a primitive tooth whorl.
Placoderms
Myxinoidea
Petromyzontoidea
Conodont
Ostracaderms
Placoderms
Holocephali (i.e., the rat fish) is a strange group of cartilaginous fish. One reason for this is they show a holostylic jaw, a condition where the chondrocranium is fused together with the _____ as one single structure.
Palatoquadrate
Hyoid arch
Mandible
Hyomandibula
Tooth whorl
Palatoquadrate
What interpretation is consistent with the fact that shark placoid scales have tiny denticles made of dermal bone, dentin, and enamel (i.e., it does not reject the interpretation) ?
All of these
Placoid scales are derived from the dermal bone of ostracoderm fish.
Gnathostone teeth are derived from the dermal bone of ostracoderm fish.
Shark placoid scales are adapted for swimming efficiency.
The "Cartilaginous Fish" actually didn't lose the dermal bone of more primitive Placoderms.
All of these
This _______ is known as the second branchial arch. In hagfish and lampreys there is a gill in front of it. In gnathostomes, there is just a hole named ______.
Hyoid arch; Spiracle
Mouth; External gill slit
Mandibular arch; Branchial pouch
Palatoquadrate; Spriacle
Branchial Arch; Branchial Pouch
Hyoid arch; Spiracle
Which of the following is a characteristic of the polypteriform fish such as the Bichir (Polypterus)?
Their fin skeleton likely represents the primitive condition for gnathostomes.
They have lost the basal skeletal elements from their choanae.
They have a Weberian apparatis for a sense of hearing.
They have a cartilaginous skeleton.
Their fin skeleton likely represents the primitive condition for gnathostomes.
Ram ventilation, and not buccal pumping, is a characteristic shared by fast carangiform swimmers like tuna, as well as filter feeders like whale and megamouth sharks.
True
False
True
For fast modified carangiform swimmers like tuna, their characteristic ventilation is an inherited plesiomorphic trait and for sharks it is a derived apomorphic trait.
True
False
False
The lamnid sharks, tunas, and opah fish all share this feature.
Pelagic lifestyle
Being mesopredators
Regional heterothermy
Internal fertilization with claspers
Pelagic lifestyle
Which group of bony fish has evolved a system for hearing called the Weberian Apparatus
Ostariophysans
Acipenseriformes
Clupeomorphans
Holosteians
Osteoglossomorphans
Ostariophysans
This synapomorphy of Osteichthyes makes efficient buccal pumping (and rapid suction feeding) possible. What is it?
All of these
Mobile maxilla
Mobile premaxilla
Operculum check valves
Branchiostegal rays
All of these
Holocephali is a strange group of cartilaginous fish. One reason for this is they show a holostylic jaw, a condition where the chondrocranium is fused together with the _____ as one single structure.
Palatoquadrate
Hyoid arch
Mandible
Hyomandibula
Tooth whorl
Palatoquadrate
Heterothermy in the visual and swimming muscles is observed in the family Lamnidae. To which group of Selachii does this family belong?
Galeomorpha
Elasmobranchii
Holocephali
Batoidea
Squalomorpha
Galeomorpha
Cranial kinesis is said to have evolved in parallel (independently) in both major clades of extant gnathostomes. Which of the following is NOT consistent with this hypothesis?
None
autodiastylic crania are the ancestral condition for Chondrichthyes
amphistylic crania are the ancestral condition for Elasmobranchii
amphistylic crania are the ancestral condition for Actinopterygii
extant sharks and teleosts have several movable feeding skeletal elements
None
If the heterothermy observed in lamnid sharks and tuna fish were said to be homologous, what would it mean for the other gnathostomes that aren't tuna fish or lamnid sharks?
If both examples of heterothermy were homologous to each other it would mean that all other gnathostomes would have had to lose heterothermy. How likely is that? Not very. Thus, it had to have evolved independently.
Sets found in the same folder