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Intro public health midterm: Part 3

Terms in this set (32)

Ignaz Semmelweiseis
-observed women under midwife supervision are less likely to get puerperal fever
-suggested all doctors wash hands before delivering babies
Germ theory of disease
-posited that microorganisms were the cause of many disease
Louis pasteur
-protagonist of germ theory
-discovered vaccines for rabies and anthrax
Explosion of advances
-understanding of bacteria and other organisms
-novel diagnostic (x-rays)
-new vaccines (vaccines against toxins)
Epidemiology grows as a science
-statistical theory and methods advance
-solid evidence base for public health begins to be established
Framingham heart study
-started in 1948
-identification of major cardiovascular risk factors
-association between genetic factors and CVD
-study of 5209 men and women
Smoking
-cancer rates take off as smoking rates with men and women reach all time highs
-difficult to establish casual relationship between smoking and lung cancer
Sir Richard doll
-foremost epidemiologist 20th century
-pioneered observation research linking smoking to health problems
Disease screening and early detection
-mammography for breast cancer
-pap smears for cervical cancer
-newborn screening for genetic diseases
Environmental movement
-lead in painting and gasoline
-radiation exposure
-air and water pollution
Current era for public health
-food safety
-climate change
-public health preparedness
-social determinants of health
-toxic chemicals
What are the 3 levels of influence
Individual/micros, social and community networks, society level/macro
Individual/micros
Knowledge, attitude, beliefs and personality, genetics
Social and community networks
Interactions
Society level/macro
Socioeconomic, social and environmental
How do social systems influence individual behavior
-shaping norms
-law enforcement, peer community pressure
-providing or not providing opportunities to engage on certain behaviors
-reducing or producing stress for which certain behaviors may be an effective coping strategy
Social science approach to health
-individual behavior
-socioeconomic status
-culture
-religion
Socioeconomic status
-income,education level, profession
-social gradient in health
-correlation between health and wealth
Why is culture important to health
-related health behaviors
-people may wait until they near death to get medical treatment
-health services use
-varying practices, traditional healers
What is culture
-range of human behavior patterns
-values, beliefs, norms, material objects form a peoples way of life
-shapes what we do
-helps form our personalities
Insider
-health viewed from within
-Emic
-people attach from their cultural perspective
Outsider
-health viewed from the outside
-Etic
-viewed by someone who attaches no cultural meaning to phenomenon being studied
Illness
-personal/insider view
-may feel like they have illness and can describe symptoms but may not have name for it in their culture
Disease
-outsider view/physiocological condition
-deviation from the norm
-possible to feel well but have a disease
-possible to not feel well and not have identifiable disease by western medical standards
Culture bound syndromes
Illness that are limited to specific societies or culture areas and are localized, used to farm coherent meaning for certain repetitive ,patterned and troubling sets of experiences and observations
Ethnocentrism
Seeing your own culture as best
Cultural relativism
No culture is seen as better or worse its simple different
Holistic
-looks at broad context of whatever phenomenon is being studied
-staying alert for unexpected influences
-crucial for public health, as diverse factors may influence health and health behavior
Example of holistic
-kuru
-people lost life because of cannabilism
Intrapersonal
-individual characteristics
-health belief model, stages of change model, theory of planned behavior
Interpersonal
-relationships between people
-social cognitive theory/social learning theory
What does social contagion suggest
People adopt behavior as a function of their exposure to other peoples behaviors attitudes and knowledge bases
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