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Review Sheet Study guide

Terms in this set (65)

Which of the following is not correct?
Steroids use ligand-gated protein channels
A solution that contains the same solute concentration inside and outside the cell is called...
An isotonic solution
If a patient has a blood glucose concentration of 4%, what is the concentration of glucose relative to body cells?
Hypotonic
Which does not require ATP to help it function?
Carrier proteins
This cytoskeletal element is located throughout the entire cell and is considered permanent. It is a(n)___
Intermediate filament
This cytoskeletal element is found centrally within the cell and is used to keep the position of the organelles stable. It is a(n):
Microtubule
A prime example of a microfilament is
microvilli
Which organelle is NOT within the endomembrane system?
Mitochondria
Peripheral proteins are found
On either side of the plasma membrane
At which stage of mitosis do spindle fibers pull sister chromatids towards the equator of the cell?
Metaphase
At which stage(s) does cytokinesis begin?
Anaphase
Which is NOT a function of a peroxisome?
Synthesize proteins
Suppose a woman runs a long distance race in the summer. During the race she loses a large amount of sweat. You would expect her cells to
crenate
Which organelle is not matched with the correct function
Mitochondria, oxidative anabolism, to produce ATP
If a red blood cell was placed into a solution that was 0.15% saline, the cell would because the solution is considered .
lyse, hypotonic
Which of the following cytoskeletal components has a primary function of cell contraction?
microfilaments
The Sodium Potassium (Na+/K+) pump transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.
3,2
Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms are considered to exhibit active transport?
endocytosis
In which of the following phases of mitosis does chromatin condense and become chromosomes?
Prophase
Cells that need to secrete many proteins out of the cell would most likely have a lot of . . .
Rough ER
The cells of the testes are responsible for synthesis of testosterone. Which cell organelle would be the most abundant in order to carry out this process?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
A diabetic patient enters the emergency room with a blood glucose level of 6.8%. What would this blood glucose level be described as in terms of tonicity? What is the explanation for why it is happening?
Hypertonic; Decreased glucose uptake due to a lack of insulin has left increased glucose levels in the patient's blood
Spindle poisons affect the assembly and disassembly of spindle fibers during mitosis. During what phase of mitosis would this occur?
Prophase
What enzyme replaces the RNA primers during DNA replication?
DNA Polymerase
In the G1 phase there is a checkpoint to determine if a cell is ready to undergo division and proceed into the S phase. Which of these will allow a cell to proceed?
Secretion of growth factors
Which of the following DOES NOT enter and leave the nucleus through nuclear pores?
Steroid hormones
Which of the following organelles/ structures are involved in production of proteins for export?
Rough ER
Which of the following is an incorrect connective tissue-location pairing?
Dense irregular CT - skin epidermis
Which of the following is NOT correctly matched?
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: reabsorption in the kidney tubules with the use of cilia.
Which of the following is NOT correct?
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium contains only nucleated, living cells that form the outer layer of the skin to serve as a barrier for protection.
Considering what you know about bone remodeling: which of the following organelles would you expect to be most numerous in osteoclasts (hydrolysis), and how would they perform their function?
Lysosomes, Endocytosis
There are four major types of cell junctions, which junction is matched INCORRECTLY with its function?
Desmosomes: used as protein channels between cells
Without this extracellular matrix component, you would not be able to stretch your body before and after exercising.
Collagen fibers
Reticular fibers
Which tissues appear striated and why?
Cardiac and skeletal due to overlapping actin and myosin contractile proteins
Which of the following steps are in the correct order of the biological processes that occur to create a protein?
Transcription Pre-RNA Post- Transcriptional Processing Translation Post- Translational Processing
Which enzyme is used during Transcription?
RNA polymerase
If a patient has defective tRNA, which part of protein synthesis will be affected?
Translation
A patient comes into the hospital, they are experiencing fatigue, pain in the joints, and have dilute urine. You believe they have sickle cell anemia so to make sure you look at the genetic code of their mRNA. Use the genetic code given to see what the amino acid sequence is for the mutation.
Met-Ile-Leu-Val-Arg-Stop
During transcription.....
Transcription factors bind to the promotor, RNA polymerase binds DNA and unwinds the DNA, adds RNA nucleotides until it reaches the termination sequence
What occurs during Post-Transcriptional modification?
In the nucleus, introns are removed from the RNA, guanine cap is added, and a poly-adenine tail is added.
During Transcription, ________ attaches to the double stranded DNA at the promoter region thereby initiating the synthesis of the single stranded mRNA.
RNA Polymerase
All of the following occur in Translation, except _____.
Messenger RNA is detached from DNA once it reaches the terminator region
Using what you know about epithelia, which of the following would you find in a serous membrane?
Simple squamous
You are on the first question of your A&P lab practical, and as you peek into the microscope the first thing you notice is that the cells look stratified, but are not. You also observe that there are cilia along the apical layer. The question is asking for a location of this tissue so you quickly jot down that this tissue would be located in the ____________.
Nasal cavity
_________ form a ________ structure near the apical surface of epithelial cells.
Tight junctions, permanent
You completely tore your Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) playing basketball with some friends. Upon doing some research you discover that your ACL is composed of ________ and is relatively _________, so it must be surgically repaired.
Dense Regular CT, Avascular
Knowing what you know about fibroblasts, you would expect a fibroblast to contain numerous ___________. Select ALL that are correct.
Golgi Complexes
Rough ER
Proteoglycans are composed of
Carbohydrates and Protein
You know ______ has to occur in the ______ because we learned for the first exam that the product ______is sent out through nuclear pores.
Transcription, Nucleus, mRNA
The transfer of amino acids to the growing peptide chain during translation is catalyzed by which of the following?
tRNA
A patient comes into the hospital with a significant amount of tissue damage. After cleaning up the wounds, the nurse talks about how the tissue will repair and what factors are involved. Which is not a factor that she will mention to the patient affecting tissue repair
Vitamin B is required for fibroblasts to produce functional collagen
Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?
Support
Reticular connective tissue is found in all of the following locations EXCEPT:
The wall of the heart
Which of the following is TRUE regarding muscle tissue?
Satellite cells can divide and become skeletal muscle, thus allowing it to heal with a limited degree of regeneration.
What process is taking place in the figure?
c. Transcription
Which label corresponds with the process of elongation?
C
Which enzyme is responsible for binding complementary base pairs to mRNA nucleotides in the process of transcription?
RNA polymerase
The "backbone" of a single DNA nucleotide chain consists of:
Alternate phosphate and deoxyribose molecules bonded covalently
All of the following organelles are associated with protein synthesis, EXCEPT:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What enzyme is responsible for rewinding the DNA double helix in the process depicted above?
RNA polymerase
The growing polypeptide chain is released from the ribosomes when
A chain terminating codon is reached
The sequence of nucleotides on the RNA molecule was determined by the:
Base sequence of the original DNA molecule that served as a template
Which of the following is NOT a function of Epithelial Tissue?
Sensation
Place the tissues in correct order starting at the lumen of the trachea;
1. Dense irregular tissue 2. Hyaline cartilage 3. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 4. Loose connective tissue 5. Smooth muscle
b. 3, 4, 2, 5, 1
Which of the following is not matched with its correct function;
Tight junction - creates a semi-permeable membrane
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