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BIOL 100 - Ch. 2

Terms in this set (49)

Which of the following is the best description of an atom's physical structure?
Atoms are little bubbles of space with mass concentrated at the center of the bubble.
A(n) ___________ has a charge and very small mass, while a(n) ______ has substantial mass and no charge.
Electron; neutron
An uncharged atom of mercury has an atomic number of 80 and an atomic mass of 200. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?
80;120;80
The left to right order of elements in the periodic table is based on the...
Atomic number
What is the subatomic particle that is most important in determining the chemical reactivity of atoms and molecules?
Electron
Adjacent water molecules interact through the...
Electrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule
What is the simplest way to state the number of atoms of each element in a molecule?
...
Which of the following is not a potential impact of ocean acidification?
Decreasing H+ concentrations
Sweating cools your body by ________.
evaporative cooling
All atoms of an element have the same number of...
protons
A cancer patient receives an injection of the drug on 3/1. Suppose that the patient must receive a second injection once the amount of the drug decreases to less than 6% in the body. On approximately what day should patient schedule the 2nd injection?
4/25
What kind of cancer do you think xofigo is used to treat?
Bone cancer
The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ______ bond.
ionic
Beryllium's atomic mass is 9 and its atomic number is 4. How many protons are found in a beryllium atom?
4
In the term trace element, the word trace means that...
The element is required by the body in very small amounts
Which is an example of an element?
1. Glucose, 2. Nitrogen, 3. Water, 4. Salt
Nitrogen
The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called ______.
cohesion
Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via ________ bonds.
Hydrogen
A fossil was found and determined by radiometric dating to be 11,400 years old. What is the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in this fossil compared to its environment?
25%
What name is given to substances that resist changes in ph?
buffers
Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life?
1. Phosphorus, 2. Calcium, 3. Iron, 4. Carbon
Iron
Increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations might have what effect on seawater?
Seawater will become more acidic, and carbonate concentrations will decrease.
What would be the best experiment to determine whether this drug is an effective treatment option for cancer patients?
Give the drug to a group of cancer patients and measure wether their tumors are destroyed
An atom with an electrical charge is a(n) ______.
ion
The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?
hydrogen bond
Which of the following is an acid?
1. NaOH, 2. NaCl, 3. HCl, 4. CH4
HCl
How is a single covalent bond formed?
Two atoms share two electrons
What are the four most common elements found in living organisms?
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
Radiometric dating is based on....
decay of radioactive isotopes
As water freezes it,______.
Its water molecules move farther apart
Human body cells are approximately _________ water.
70-95%
The cities of Portland, Oregon, and Minneapolis, Minnesota, are at about the same latitude, but Minneapolis has much hotter summers and much colder winters than Portland. Why?
The ocean near Portland moderates the temperature.
Some tiny insects are able to walk on water. Why?
The surface tension that is a result of water's cohesive properties
How can radiation be controlled and safely used in medicine?
Apply radiation to specific parts of the body at controlled doses.
Based on the ph scale, how does grapefruit juice compare to lemon juice?
Lemon juice has 10x higher H+ concentration than grapefruit juice
What is true about buffer solutions?
They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them.
When a base is added to a buffered solution, the buffer will ________.
donate H+ ions
What is the subatomic particle that is most important in determining the identity of an element?
Proton
Atoms have no electric charge because they have
an equal number of protons and electrons
An acid _________.
Releases H+ ions in a solution
The way Earth moves about the sun is most like ______.
an electron moving around the nucleus of an atom
Why does evaporation of water from a surface cause cooling of the surface?
The water molecules with the most heat energy evaporate more readily.
True or false: All living things are made of matter
True
How do radioactive isotopes differ from isotopes?
Radioactive isotopes are unstable; isotopes are stable.
Sometimes atoms form molecules by sharing two pairs of electrons. When this occurs, the atoms are joined by...
A double covalent bond
Why does ice float in liquid water?
Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water.
The lower the pH of a solution, the ______.
more acidic the solution
What are found in an atom's nucleus?
protons and neutrons
Relative to a ph of 7, a ph of 4 has a _______.
1000x higher H+ concentration
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