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Chapter 4 The Ancient Greeks

Terms in this set (29)

peninsula
body of land with water on three sides
colony
settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties with its homeland
polis
the early Greek city-state, made up of a city and the surrounding countryside and run like an independent country
agora
in early Greek city-states, an open area that served as both a market and a meeting place
tyrant
person who takes power by force and rules with total authority
oligarchy
government in which a small group of people holds power
democracy
government in which all citizens share in running the government
satrap
official who ruled a state in the Persian Empire under Darius
direct democracy
system of government in which people gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters
representative democracy
system of government in which people elect leaders to make laws
philosopher
thinker who seeks wisdom and ponders questions about life
Crete
an island off the southeast coast of mainland Greece
Athens
city-state in early Greece which developed into an emerging democracy; boys were given a well-rounded education that included academics, sports, and music
Cyrus the Great
ruler who united the Persians into a powerful empire in the 6th century BC
Pericles
Athenian general and statesman who guided Athens from 461 BC until 429 BC; he expanded democracy by allowing lower-class male citizens to run for political office
satrapies
a province owned by a satrap
They Mycenaeans learn navigation by what and from who?
The sun and moon from the Minoans.
What made Greek government different from most ancient civilizations' government?
The government was run by its own citizens, unlike other civilizations where most people had no say in their government.
In a direct democracy ...
all people decide government matters
The Minoans made their living as what?
as traders
How did the geography of Greece influence where people settled and how they made a living?
The rocky mountains caused people to settle near the seacoasts and became fishers, sailors, and traders.
How did the Greek colonies help industry to grow?
The demands for goods grew: the Greeks could sell goods to their colonies, in return for goods they could not obtain from the colonies,
What was the result of the Peloponnesian War?
Athens declined. Greek grew weaker, opening it to conquest.
How did the geography of Greece help to encourage trade?
The Greek peninsula gave the Greeks easy access to sea routes all over the Mediterranean.
Why were tyrants able to seize control from Greek nobles?
They had the support of the common people.
What system did Darius use to unite his large empire under one government?
Divisions called satrapies with rulers responsible to him.
Why did Sparta and Athens unite during the.Persian War?
They feared the Persian conquest conquest of Greece
Describe the difference between Athens and Sparta.
Sparta emphasized the military and tough living. Their government was an oligarchy and strictly controlled their lives of the people. Spartan women could own property and go. where they wanted. Athens focused on education and culture. Their government started as an oligarchy and became a democracy. Athenian women stayed at home.
Compare Athenian democracy and American democracy with a chart.
Pg.140
Type of Democracy, Right to vote, and citizen involvement
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