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BSC 2011: Mastering HW Lesson 14

Terms in this set (19)

Flattening, folding, and branching are structural adaptations that result in which of the following?

Decreased efficiency in the exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes, and other dissolved substances across biological membranes.

Increased efficiency in the exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes, and other dissolved substances across biological membranes.
Increased efficiency in the exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes, and other dissolved substances across biological membranes.

Flattening, folding, and branching of biological structures are all adaptations that increase surface-area-to-volume ratios and, thus, facilitate improved transport of materials.
A neuron consists of _____.

a cell body only
dendrites only
axons only
dendrites, a cell body, and axons
dendrites, a cell body, and axons

These are the three regions of a neuron.
Nervous tissue functions _____.

to physically move the body
to sense stimuli
in the absorption of nutrients
to sense stimuli

This is one of the functions of nervous tissue.
What type of muscle is responsible for contractions of the digestive tract and arteries?

smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

Smooth muscle is responsible for the involuntary contractions of the digestive tract, arteries, and bladder.
Cardiac muscle is the only muscle composed of _____ fibers.

branched
unstriated
striated
branched

Cardiac muscle fibers are branched.
_____ muscle is attached to bones.

Cardiac
Skeletal
Skeletal

Skeletal muscle is attached to bones.
What type of epithelium would you expect to find covering a surface subject to physical forces?

simple epithelium
stratified epithelium
stratified epithelium

Stratified epithelium consists of multiple layers; this thickness provides a protective barrier.
How does connective tissue differ from the other three major tissue types?

Connective tissue often consists of relatively few cells embedded in an extracellular matrix.

Connective tissue consists of cells capable of transmitting electrical impulses.

Connective tissue is found lining body surfaces.
Connective tissue often consists of relatively few cells embedded in an extracellular matrix.

This describes many connective tissues, such as loose connective tissue.
Which of these describes loose connective tissue?

It is a loose weave of fibers that functions as a packing material.

It is composed of many fibers that connect bone to bone and muscle to bone.

It is a rigid material that provides structural support.
It is a loose weave of fibers that functions as a packing material.

Loose connective tissue is a packing material that serves, for example, to hold organs in place.
Cartilage is found _____.

surrounding organs such as the kidneys

in the heart

at the ends of bones such as the femur

covering the surface of your body
at the ends of bones such as the femur

The ends of long bones, such as the femur, have a cartilage cap.
_____ is the connective tissue specialized for transport.

Bone

Blood

Muscle tissue

Cartilage
Blood


Blood is specialized for the transport of substances such as nutrients, wastes, and gases.
How is the time frame of adaptation different from acclimatization?

There is no difference in the time frame of these two processes.

Acclimatization is a long-term process that requires climate change, while adaptation is how animals quickly adapt to daily changes in the environment.

Adaptation occurs over years to eons, while acclimatization occurs with a change in season.
Adaptation occurs over years to eons, while acclimatization occurs with a change in season.

Adaptation is the production of evolutionary selection. This typically requires many generations of a given organism.
The point of connection between two communicating neurons is called the _____.

synapse
glia
dendrite
cell body
synapse
Two fundamental concepts about the ion channels of a resting neuron are that the channels ________.

are always closed, but ions move closer to the channels during excitation

open and close depending on stimuli and are specific as to which ion can traverse them

are always open, but the concentration gradients of ions frequently change
open and close depending on stimuli and are specific as to which ion can traverse them
cerebrum
largest part of brain and is responsible for thought, information processing, and memory.

ex: working on a crossword puzzle
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