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Bones and Tissue
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Terms in this set (75)
all of the following components are associated with the organic matrix except
hydroxyapatite
bone deposition is performed by _________, whereas bone resorption is performed by __________
osteoblasts; osteoclasts
bones that are roughly cubed-shaped are classified as ______ bones
short
the skull and clavicle form through
intramembranous ossification
if the ________ is destroyed, bone would become flexible and unable to resist compression
inorganic matrix
the innermost surface of bone has a lining known as the
endosteum
damage to the ________ in a long bone of a young person might cause the bone not to lengthen properly
epiphyseal plate
spongy bone differs from compact bone because spongy bone
is composed of trabeculae that are oriented along lines of stress
blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as
hematopoiesis
severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of
yellow marrow to red marrow
allows for the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and small substances to and from osteocytes trapped within lacunae
canaliculi
produce new bone tissue by secreting matrix
osteoblasts
structural units of mature compact bon are called
osteons
tissue that serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification
hyaline cartilage
osteoblasts become surrounded by the ECM and become trapped within a
lacuna
bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
calcium, phosphate, and lipids
the main minerals bone stores are
calcium and phosphorus
which canals connect lacunae together?
canaliculi
bones located within a tendon are classified as ______ bones
sesamoid
the main central shaft of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
what structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?
epiphyseal plate
whose bone marrow is mostly red?
infants
forms bone from within a model of hyaline cartilage
endochondral ossification
the secondary ossification center in a long bone is located at the
epiphysis
internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
diploe
thin, broad bones are classified as
flat bones
process of bone formation
ossification
which cells participate in the process of bone deposition?
osteoblasts
all of the following events occur during intramembranous ossification except
enlargement of the medullary cavity
bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
osteoclast
which of the following structures persists for life?
articular cartilage
enlarged, rounded end of a long bone
epiphysis
bone cells that are surrounded by bone matrix and are located with lacunae
osteocytes
when considering the classification of bones, which bones are used primarily for movement rather than protection?
long bones
bones perform all of the following functions except
generate impulses
correct order of the process of endochondral ossification
1) chondrocytes die
2) osteoblasts build the bone collar on the external surface of the bone
3) perichondrium is invaded by blood vessels
4) in the primary ossification center, osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with early spongy bone
5) perichondrial cells diferentiate into osteogenic cells then into osteoblasts
type of cell that forms the medullary cavity in a fetal bone and removes excess bone at a fracture site
osteoclast
the canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of
blood vessels and nerve fibers
function of yellow bone marrow
triglyceride storage
spongy bone is made up of a branching framework called
trabeculae
primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the
diaphysis
sequence for the development of mature bone cells
osteogenic cells ---> osteoblasts ---> osteocytes
run perpendicular to the osteons
perforating canals
in bones that have ceased to grow in length, the only cartilage that remains is the _______ on the epiphysis of bones
articular cartilage
all of the following bones are formed by intramembranous ossificatioon except the
femur
hormone produced by the thyroid gland that works opposite to parathyroid hormone (PTH)
calciotnin
bone resorption requires the activity of
osteoclasts
a patient shows up in the emergency department with the end of the bone protruding through his skin. what type of fracture does he have?
compound fracture
which vitamin is important for the synthesis of collagen?
vitamin C
for a person who starts running for exercise,
bone deposition exceeds bone resorption
all of the following factors will affect osteoblast and osteoclast activity except
yellow bone marrow
which of the following statements about bone remodeling is false?
it occurs only at the articular surface
if a break occurs in the shaft of a thigh bone, what part of the bone has been broken?
diaphysis
bone growth and remodeling depends on adequate intake of
calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin K
a greenstick fracture occurs primarily in
children
when blood calcium levels rise above normal, osteoclast activity is inhibited by the hormone
calcitonin
Within the epiphyseal plate, which zone houses actively dividing cartilage cells in their lacunae?
zone of proliferation
the thickness of bones increase as an individual grows into adulthood by
appositional growth
which of the following factors promotes bone resorption?
pressure
appositional growth produces
growth in width
bone lengthens by ________ growth and thickens by ________ growth
longitudinal; appositional
when the cartilage at the epiphyseal plate stops dividing, the bony structure that forms is known as the
epiphyseal line
which of the following sequences correctly lists the order of events that occur during fracture healing?
hematoma forms ---> soft callus forms ---> hard callus forms ---> remodeling occurs
fracture that results when the bone is shattered into multiple fragments
comminuted
increasing mechanical stress will cause bone to become stronger by
increasing deposition of mineral salts
how long does bone repair generally take?
6 weeks
bone remodeling involves all of the following factors except
intramembranous and endochondral ossification
during bone repair, the bony callus may last up to
3-4 months
out of the numerous factors that influence bone growth and remodeling, _______ does not
the amount of fibrocartilage available
what type of bone growth do you think a 40-year-old male experiences?
appositional growth
what hormone promotes an increase in the activity of osteoclasts?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
the stacked chondrocytees under rapid cell division within the
zone of proliferation
which of the following organs does not directly regulate blood calcium concentration in response to PTH?
liver
as a result of males producing more testosterone at puberty,
appositional bone growth increases
which of the following hormones inhibits bone growth?
PTH
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