Chapter 13

writing a successful arguement
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writing a successful arguement
writing an argumentive essay is not a linear process
before you write
know yourself, know your audience. choose and narrow your topic, write a sentence that expresses your claim, gather ideas: brainstorm and research and organize your ideas.
writing the first draft
provide an interesting opening, include thesis statement, develop your body paragraphs and provide a satisfying conclusion.
After the first draft
read what you have written and revise, consider what you have not written and revise, show your work, edit your work and hand it in.
know yourself
if you want to write on topic you don't know very well then take the time to learn as much as you can about. If you know alot about the topic you should be willing to defend it intelligently and rationally. That doesn't mean of course that you must know all there is to know about an issue before you begin to formulate your opinion and take your stand or that you must present your case in an absolute or exhustive manner.
Know your audience
anticipate your readers' reactions. to predict your readers reactions, try the following: consider how you would feel as a reader. Assume that your readers are slightly skeptical but open minded and fair. assume that your readers are intelligent, rational and humane
Choose and narrow your topic
decide on a topic that is both controversial and interesting to you. Also pick a topic that you can manage to cover completely in the space allowed for your paper
Brainstorming
is a method for generating ideas for a paper. like any other kind of storm, brainstorming is spontaneous and wild.
types of deductive methods of development
Narration, description, cause, effect, classification and division, contrast, comparison/ analogy, illustration and definition.
Narration
tells a story in chronological order
descriptionsgives concrete details to paint a verbal picture of a person, place or thing. There may be in your topic something that can be decribed.causeare reasons for the occurrence of an event, a decision an action,etc.effectare results of an (Cause) event, a decision an action,etc.classification and divisionwhen we classify, we take a large group and break it down into smaller, more mangeable groups. when we divide we tke one thing and break it down into its various parts such as systems or individual items.Contrastwhen we contrast two things we show them to be dissimilar in important ways.comparisonwhen we compare two things we discuss the similarites between them. A comparison used to support a claim is called an analogy.illustrationswhen we illustrate we provide examples to help clarify a point and defend a general comment. A hypothetical example is used to support a claim for which there may be no readily available real-life example or for which a hypothetical example works just as well or better.definitionwhen we define a word we tell our readers or listeners exactly what we mean by a word or concept. In daily discourse with one another we often use definitions to. for example. clarify our use of specific words or to persuade.