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Midterm

Terms in this set (40)

Why test? (3 reasons)
1. Assess health status
2. Assess performance
3. Provide information regarding current status for the purpose of program design
Factors that affect test performance - Subject factors (6 factors)
1. Experience
2. Training status
3. Age
4. Sex
5. Clothing
6. Pre-test diet
Factors that affect test performance - Environmental factors (4 factors)
1. Temperature
2. Humidity
3. Altitude
4. Time of day
Factors that affect test performance - Test factors (5 factors)
1. Pre-test instructions
2. Physical activity level
3. Training of testers
4. Test selection
5. Test format / order
Appropriate testing order (6 steps)
1. Resting BP & HR
2. Body composition
3. Balance
4. Muscle strength / Endurance
5. Aerobic Fitness
6. Flexibility
The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure
Validity
Degree to which conclusions about casual relationships can be made (ex. cause and effect)
Internal validity
Degree to which the (internally valid) results can be generalized to other populations, settings, or experimental treatments
External validity
The extent to which test scores are associated with some other measure of the same ability
Criterion
Controls for individual variability since comparisons are only made between one person and a primary way of measuring progression
Self-referenced criterion
Lack of consistent performance by person tested
Intrasubject variability
Degree to which different raters (testers) agree. Aka test objectivty
Interrater variability
Lack of consistent scored by a given tester
Intrarater variability
Purposes for screening (3)
1. Identify and exclude individuals with contraindications to physical activity
2. Identify people who need medical exam and clearance before starting exercise
3. Identify who needs medical supervision during testing and physical activity
What should be completed by an individual prior to beginning exercise testing (2)
1. Par-Q
2. AHA/ACSM Health/Fitness Facility Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire
3 primary things determined from Par-Q and AHA/ACSM Health/Fitness Facility Preparticipation Screening Questionnaire
1. Level of medical clearance needed
2. Need for exercise testing
3. Level of supervision for exercise testing and exercise participation
A process to determine detectable characteristics associated with an increased chance of experiencing unwanted outcomes
Risk stratification
How do we determine detectable characteristics associated with an increased chance of experiencing unwanted outcomes?
We group individuals as low, moderate, or high risk based on the presence or absence of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, signs and symptoms, and/or known cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, or metabolic disease.
HR palpitation technique
1. Use tips of index and middle fingers
2. Apply light pressure
RHR is affected by (6):
1. Stress
2. Time of day
3. Dietary status
4. Drug and medication consumption
5. Body position
6. Environment

Most accurately measured as soon as you wake up
Classification of HR
-Bradycardia (<60 bpm)
-Normal (60-100 bpm)
-Tachycardia (>100bpm)
The volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart in one heart beat
Stroke volume
Typical stroke volume value
70 ml ; 55-100 ml
Stroke volume determinants (5)
1. Gender (Men>Women)
2. Heart size
3. Training status
4. Contractility of heart
5. Duration of contraction
Normal duration of heart contraction
0.8 seconds
Total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Cardiac output
Cardiac output is the product of
Heart rate (# beats /min) and stroke volume (amount of blood in L pumped/min)
Male and Female typical cardiac output values
Males: 5.6L/min
Females: 4.9L/min
Pressure on arterial wall when blood is being pumped from the left
Systolic BP
Pressure of arterial wall when the heart is at rest
Diastolic BP
Normal SBP and DBP
SBP: <120
DBP: <80
Prehypertension SBP and DBP
SBP: 120-139
DBP: 80-89
Hypertension Stage 1 SBP and DBP
SBP: 140-159
DBP: 90-99
Hypertension Stage 2 SBP and DBP
SBP: >160
DBP:>100
Korotkoff Phase 1
Appearance of clear tapping sound
--> Correlates with systolic BP
Korotkoff Phase 2
Sounds become softer and longer
--> No clinical significance
Korotkoff Phase 3
Sounds become crisper and louder
-->No clinical significance
Korotkoff Phase 4
Sounds become muffled and softer
-->Correlates as alternate measure of diastolic BP
Korotkoff Phase 5
Sounds disappear completely
-->Correlates with DBP
Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of antihypertensive therapy (4):
1. Physical activity
2. Weight reduction (if needed)
3. DASH eating plan
4. Moderation of alcohol consumption
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