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Exam 2

Terms in this set (79)

Upper respiratory tract
consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and larynx
lower respiratory tract
consists of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and into the alveoli
normal level of PaO2
80-95mmHg
normal SaO2 level
95-100%
Indications for supplemental oxygen
PaO2 less than 60 mmHg, SaO2 less than 90%, or below the indicated/prescribed range for the patient's clinical situation
Contraindications to oxygen administration
a patient with COPD, a low PaO2 level (hypoxia) is the patient's primary drive for breathing. Use caution with supplemental oxygen because delivering too much oxygen can interfere with the hypoxic drive for breathing, leading to decreased respiratory effort and ultimately rate
the need for and effectiveness of oxygen therapy is assessed and monitored by:
physical assessment, pulse oximetry, and arterial blood gas analysis
wheezes
musical, high pitched, squeaking character
wheezes indication
air squeezed through narrowed passages caused by secretions bronchospasm, edema, and inflammation
crackles- character
loud, low-pitched, bubbling, and gurgling sound
crackles- indication
on inhalation, air comes in contact with secretions in the trachea and large bronchi
rhonchi- character
musical, low-pitched, snoring/moaning
rhonchi- indication
airflow obstruction from thick secretions or fluid in the large airways
When is a tracheostomy placed?
if a patient requires mechanical ventilation longer than 7-14 days, trach is placed to prevent the laryngeal and upper airway damage associated with ETT (endotracheal tube)
advantages of placing a tracheostomy:
-decreasing airway resistance
-allow air to enter directly into the trachea
-decreased workload of breathing
-improved oral care over the ETT
-improved airway security
-access of removal of pulmonary secretions
-patient comfort
-patients may be able to eat with trach
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